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Characterisation of meat and bone mill for coal co-firing

机译：用于煤共烧的肉骨磨的表征

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A most interesting solution for the disposal of meat and bone meal (MBM) is co-feeding with coal in combustion plants. MBM, is however, quite different from any other traditional or alternative solid fuel in terms of chemical composition, ash content and microstructural properties. Its effects on the performance of a boiler are largely unexplored. The present paper addresses the characteristics of MBM as alternative solid fuel and the effects of co-feeding MBM (6%) and coal (94%) in a utility boiler. A first activity consisted in the characterisation of the physico-chemical properties and the reactivity of MBM. The experimental campaign included ultimate and proximate analysis, granulometric analysis, ICP, SEM, XRD. An extensive campaign of isothermal and non isothermal thermogravimetric experiments was carried out to assess the reactivity of MBM upon pyrolysis, combustion and gasification and to obtain appropriate kinetic expressions. A second activity focused on co-firing of MBM and coal. Bottom and fly ashes were collected from an industrial boiler operated with MBM and coal. Ash samples were characterised by SEM, XRD, ICP, TGA and granulometric analysis. Results of this activity showed that MBM contributes mostly to bottom ash, however also the fly ashes are different from those typically encountered when the boiler is operated with coal alone. Differences concern the chemical composition and particle size distribution of ashes, in particular a large population of very fine particles characterised by perfectly spherical shape and non negligible carbon content is observed.
机译：处置肉骨粉（MBM）的最有趣的解决方案是在燃烧装置中与煤一起供料。然而，MBM在化学成分，灰分含量和微结构特性方面与任何其他传统或替代固体燃料大不相同。它对锅炉性能的影响在很大程度上尚待探索。本文讨论了作为替代固体燃料的MBM的特性，以及在公用事业锅炉中共同进料MBM（6％）和煤（94％）的影响。第一项活动在于表征MBM的理化性质和反应性。实验活动包括最终分析和近似分析，粒度分析，ICP，SEM，XRD。开展了广泛的等温和非等温热重实验，以评估MBM在热解，燃烧和气化时的反应性，并获得适当的动力学表达式。第二项活动集中在MBM和煤炭的共燃。底灰和飞灰是从使用MBM和煤炭运行的工业锅炉中收集的。灰分样品通过SEM，XRD，ICP，TGA和粒度分析进行了表征。这项活动的结果表明，MBM在底灰中起主要作用，但是粉煤灰也不同于锅炉仅用煤运行时通常遇到的粉煤灰。差异涉及灰的化学组成和粒度分布，特别是观察到大量非常细小的颗粒，这些颗粒的特征是球形完美，碳含量不可忽略。

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