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Temporal variation of diversity in Italian durum wheat germplasm

机译：意大利硬质小麦种质多样性的时间变化

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摘要

The aim of this work is to analyse the temporal change of genetic diversity in Italian durum wheat germplasm. The germplasm deployed in this study (158 accessions), belonging to 5 different historical classes, was characterised for its microsatellite and gliadin markers. The level of genetic diversity (He), based on gliadin and SSR markers results – on average – greater in indigenous landraces present in Italy before 1915, with the exception of pure line material which had been selected from landraces (showing highest level of heterozigosity for gliadin markers). Genotypes obtained from crosses or mutagenesis (referring to the 1950–1960 period) along with those resulting from crosses between CIMMYT lines and old materials (1970s and beyond) were also genetically more diverse. Forty-nine percent of indigenous landraces were genetically heterogeneous. Nine out of 53 landrace accessions were able to capture 4 different SSR private alleles. It is speculated that the reduction of allele richness is an indicator of the genetic erosion of the pre-breeding germplasm and it is pointed out that the implementation of appropriate methods of genetic conservation of this germplasm is a priority for breeding and food safety.
机译：这项工作的目的是分析意大利硬粒小麦种质遗传多样性的时间变化。在这项研究中部署的种质（158个种质），属于5个不同的历史类别，以其微卫星和麦醇溶蛋白标记为特征。平均而言，基于麦醇溶蛋白和SSR标记的遗传多样性（He）水平导致1915年以前在意大利存在的本地地方品种的遗传多样性水平更高，但从地方品种中选择的纯品系材料除外（显示出最高的杂合度）。麦醇溶蛋白标记物）。从杂交或诱变获得的基因型（指的是1950–1960年），以及从CIMMYT品系与旧材料（1970年代及以后）杂交产生的基因型在遗传上也更加多样化。百分之四十九的土著地方品种在遗传上是异质的。 53个地方品种中有9个能够捕获4个不同的SSR私人等位基因。据推测，等位基因丰富度的降低是预育种质遗传侵蚀的指标，并指出实施该种质遗传保护的适当方法是育种和食品安全的重点。

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