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Profit, reputation and 'doing the right thing': Convention theory and the problem of food waste in the UK retail sector

机译：利润，声誉和“做正确的事”：公约理论和英国零售业的食物浪费问题

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In 2014, Tesco - one of the world's largest food retailers - revealed that it had generated almost 57,000 tonnes of food waste in its UK operations over the previous twelve-month period. This shocking statistic added to existing evidence of a significant environmental and social problem in the UK and across the world. This paper utilises convention theory to examine the role of major retailers in the context of this global problem and assesses their motivations for acting on food waste. Drawing on interviews with key stakeholders (including major retailers), the analysis investigates their main justifications for action on food waste. It finds that retailers mostly appealed to three conventions or 'orders of worth' (civic, market and opinion) and used these as a basis for their commitment to food waste reduction. We argue that the combination of these different justifications is feasible and necessary in the context of the retail sector but that they may also lead to some unintended consequences (in the retail sector and beyond). Crucially, we demonstrate how the dilution of civic justifications (by their financial and reputational counterparts) might produce negative outcomes and inaction as retailers attempt to adhere to the so-called 'food waste hierarchy'. The paper highlights the continuing significance of convention theory as a framework for analysing possible responses to the social and environmental challenges confronting global agro-food systems.
机译：2014年，全球最大的食品零售商之一的乐购（Tesco）透露，在过去的12个月中，该公司在英国的业务部门产生了近57,000吨的餐厨垃圾。这一令人震惊的统计数字增加了英国和全球范围内重大环境和社会问题的现有证据。本文利用惯例理论来检验主要零售商在这一全球性问题中的作用，并评估其对食品浪费采取行动的动机。通过对主要利益相关者（包括主要零售商）的采访，该分析调查了他们针对食物浪费采取行动的主要理由。调查发现，零售商大多诉诸于三个公约或“价值顺序”（公民，市场和舆论），并以此为基础致力于减少食物浪费。我们认为，在零售业的背景下，将这些不同的理由结合起来是可行且必要的，但它们也可能导致一些意想不到的后果（在零售业及其他领域）。至关重要的是，我们证明了当公民试图遵循所谓的“食物浪费等级”时，公民理由的淡化（由其财务和声誉方面的人士）如何会产生负面结果和不作为。本文强调了公约理论作为分析全球农粮系统面临的社会和环境挑战的可能对策的框架的持续重要性。

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