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Exploring policy perceptions and responsibility of devolved decision-making for water service delivery in Kenya's 47 county governments

机译：在肯尼亚的47个县政府中探索对水服务提供权下放决策的政策认识和责任

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摘要

Improving water services is a well-rehearsed political instrument to win public support against a backdrop of a wide range of hydro-political realities in Africa. This paper examines whether devolution to Kenya's 47 counties advances the constitutional mandate for the human right to water. Specifically, it examines which factors influence decision-makers' perception of their responsibility for water service delivery in their counties. Drawing on interviews from all county water ministries, a sociopolitical risk model leveraging public choice theory is developed and tested. Information on election margin, climate risk, urbanisation, poverty levels, water budget and citizen satisfaction is modelled to explain variations in the policymakers' perceptions of their responsibilities. Results reveal that county water ministries recognise increased political responsibility for the poor outside current provision areas across water quantity, quality, accessibility and non-discrimination criteria. Affordability is the most contested criterion, with only a limited number of counties accepting responsibility. High socioclimatic risks and narrow election margins are likely to boost devolved duty-bearers' perception of responsibility for improved water service delivery. These variable factors demonstrate the interdependence of spatial and political dimensions during Kenya's devolution process and promote the conclusion that independent and strong regulation is critical to realising the human right to water for the great majority of Kenyans living in rural areas and facing unpredictable climate risks.
机译：改善水服务是在非洲广泛的水政治现实背景下赢得公众支持的一项经过充分演练的政治工具。本文研究了将权力移交给肯尼亚的47个县是否能提高宪法对水权的授权。具体来说，它研究了哪些因素会影响决策者对其县供水服务责任的认识。借助所有县水务部门的采访，开发并测试了利用公共选择理论的社会政治风险模型。有关选举边际，气候风险，城市化，贫困水平，水预算和公民满意度的信息旨在解释政策制定者对其职责的理解的差异。结果表明，各县水利部门认识到，在水供应量，水质，可及性和非歧视性标准方面，对当前供应区域以外的贫困地区的政治责任日益增加。负担能力是最有争议的标准，只有少数县承担责任。高社会气候风险和狭窄的选举余地可能会增强下放责任的人对改善供水服务责任的认识。这些可变因素表明，在肯尼亚的权力下放过程中，空间和政治因素是相互依存的，并得出这样的结论，即独立和有力的监管对于居住在农村地区并面临不可预测的气候风险的大多数肯尼亚人实现水的人权至关重要。

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