Upper mantle P-wave speed variations beneath Ethiopia and the origin of the Afar hotspot

Margaret H. Benoit; Andrew A. Nyblade; John C. VanDecar

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Upper mantle P-wave speed variations beneath Ethiopia and the origin of the Afar hotspot

机译：埃塞俄比亚下方的上地幔纵波速度变化和阿法尔热点的起源

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The Afar hotspot has long been attributed to one or more thermal upwellings in the mantle, in particular starting thermal plumes characterized by a head that spreads laterally beneath the lithosphere, and a tail. New P-wave tomography images of the upper mantle beneath Ethiopia reveal an elongated low wave speed region that is deep (>400 km) and wide (>500 km). The location of the low wave speed anomaly aligns with the Afar Depression and Main Ethiopian Rift in the uppermost mantle, but the center of the anomaly shifts to the west with depth. The shape, depth extent, and location of the low wave speed anomaly is not consistent with a starting thermal plume presently beneath the hotspot. Instead, the anomaly suggests that the hotspot may be the surface manifestation of a broad mantle upwelling connected to the African Superplume in the lower mantle beneath southern Africa.

机译：长久以来，Afar热点归因于地幔中的一个或多个热隆升，特别是起始的热羽状隆起，其特征是头部在岩石圈下方横向扩散，和一条尾巴。埃塞俄比亚下地幔的新的P波断层扫描图像显示了一个细长的低波速区域，其深（> 400 km）和宽（> 500 km）。低波速度异常的位置与最上层地幔中的Afar凹陷和主要埃塞俄比亚裂谷对齐，但异常的中心发生了偏移向西深入。低波速度异常的形状，深度和位置与与当前在热点下方的热羽流不一致。该异常表明，热点可能是与南部非洲下方下地幔中的非洲 Superplume相关的宽地幔上升流的表面表现。

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《Geology》 |2006年第5期|329-332|共4页
作者
Margaret H. Benoit; Andrew A. Nyblade; John C. VanDecar;
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Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16803, USA;

Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania16803, USA;

Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution, 1530 P Street NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA;

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Upper mantle P-wave speed variations beneath Ethiopia and the origin of the Afar hotspot

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