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Laboratory Tests on the Rate of Piping Erosion of Soils in Embankment Dams

机译：堤坝土壤管道侵蚀速率的室内试验

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摘要

The Slot Erosion Test and the Hole Erosion Test have been developed as fast and simple tests for studying the erosion characteristics of soil in cracks in embankment dams. The erosion characteristics are described by the Erosion Rate Index, which measures the increase of erosion rate with respect to an increase in the hydraulic shear stress; and the Initial Shear Stress, which represents the minimum hydraulic shear stress when erosion starts. Knowledge of these erosion characteristics aids in the prediction of the likelihood of embankment dam failure due to piping erosion in a risk assessment process. Values of the Erosion Rate Index span from 0 to 6, indicating that the changes in erosion rates in response to changes in hydraulic shear stress can differ by up to 10~6 times across different soils. The Erosion Rate Index is apparently influenced by the soil fines and clay-sized content, plasticity, dispersivity, water content, dry density, degree of saturation, clay mineralogy, and possibly the presence of cementing materials such as iron oxides. Coarse-grained, noncohesive soils, in general, erode more rapidly and have lower Initial Shear Stresses than fine-grained soils.
机译：狭槽侵蚀试验和孔蚀试验是为研究堤坝裂缝中土壤的侵蚀特征而开发的快速简便的试验方法。侵蚀特性由“侵蚀速率指数”描述，该指标测量相对于水力切应力增加的侵蚀速率的增加。初始剪切应力，它代表侵蚀开始时的最小水力剪切应力。对这些侵蚀特征的了解有助于在风险评估过程中预测由于管道侵蚀造成的堤坝溃坝的可能性。侵蚀速率指数的值介于0到6之间，表明在不同土壤上，响应于水力剪切应力变化的侵蚀速率变化可能相差多达10〜6倍。侵蚀速率指数显然受土壤细粉和粘土含量，可塑性，分散性，水含量，干密度，饱和度，粘土矿物学以及可能存在的胶结材料（例如氧化铁）的影响。一般而言，粗颗粒的非粘性土壤比细颗粒的土壤侵蚀更快，初始剪切应力更低。

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