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The effect of gateways on ocean circulation patterns in the Cenozoic

机译：通道对新生代海洋环流模式的影响

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Both geological data and climate model studies indicate that substantially different patterns of the global ocean circulation have existed throughout the Cenozoic. In a climate model study of the late Oligocene [von der Heydt, A., Dijkstra, H.A. (2006). Effect of ocean gateways on the global ocean circulation in the late Oligocene and early Miocene. Paleoceanography, 21, PA1011] a "northern sinking" type of circulation was found, with (shallow) deep water formation in both the North Pacific Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean. This is in contrast to the present-day "conveyor" circulation, where there is deep water formation in the North Atlantic but not in the North Pacific. In order to explain these differences, we use an ocean general circulation model for idealized two-basin flows and study the effect of asymmetries in the continental geometry on the circulation patterns. Two types of asymmetry are considered: (i) the relative northward extent of the Pacific and the Atlantic basin, and (ii) the existence of a circum-global gateway at low latitudes. The more northward extent of the Pacific basin in the Oligocene makes the Conveyor solution less likely and facilitates deep water formation in the North Pacific compared to the North Atlantic. The low-latitude gateway on the other hand, allows salinity and heat exchange between the two main ocean basins and therefore leads to deep water formation in both the North Atlantic and the North Pacific.
机译：地质数据和气候模式研究都表明，整个新生代都存在着完全不同的全球海洋环流模式。在晚渐新世的气候模式研究中[von der Heydt，A.，Dijkstra，H.A. （2006）。渐新世晚期和中新世早期海洋通道对全球海洋环流的影响。 Paleoceanography，21，PA1011]发现了“北沉”型的环流，在北太平洋和北大西洋均形成（浅）深水。这与当今的“输送带”循环形成对比，在北大西洋，北大西洋没有深水形成。为了解释这些差异，我们使用海洋一般环流模型来求解理想的两盆流，并研究大陆几何中的不对称性对环流模式的影响。考虑了两种类型的不对称性：（i）太平洋和大西洋盆地的相对向北范围，以及（ii）在低纬度处存在外接全球门户。渐新世的太平洋盆地向北延伸，与北部大西洋相比，输送带解决方案的可能性降低，并且有利于北太平洋的深水形成。另一方面，低纬度通道允许两个主要海盆之间的盐分和热交换，因此导致北大西洋和北太平洋的深水形成。

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