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首页> 外文期刊>Global and planetary change >Understanding the 2500 yr BP rainforest crisis in West and Central Africa in the framework of the Late Holocene: Pluridisciplinary analysis and multi-archive reconstruction
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Understanding the 2500 yr BP rainforest crisis in West and Central Africa in the framework of the Late Holocene: Pluridisciplinary analysis and multi-archive reconstruction

机译：在全新世延迟分析和多档重建中，了解西非框架中的2500年BP热带危机危机

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Numerous palaeoclimatic and prehistoric reconstructions have been reported at both the local scale and across the very large area of tropical Central Africa, clearly highlighting the Late Holocene Rainforest Crisis (LHRC) which mainly developed from ca. 2500 to 2000 yr BP. The broad synchroneity of this interval is striking and has been revealed in many different deep lakes from humid or montane forest, lakes or swamps marginal to tropical forest, and swamp forests where the oscillations of the surface water table produce temporary emersions. In parallel, a chronological review is presented of the Bantu arrival in these areas, including indicators for burning, metallurgy and land clearance. Nevertheless, evidence of human occupation, such as artefacts or deposits containing charcoal is exceptional and generally absent in most areas. Although the archaeological data exhibit a gradual southward densification of human occupation throughout Central Africa, the increase of settlements clearly began after 2350 yr BP, not before 2500 BP. However, some authors have interpreted the geochemical signal of increased erosion in the Congo Basin or the opening up of the forest around Lake Barombi Mbo in Cameroon as being attributed to agricultural clearance, or even the supply of charcoal required for metallurgy. In short, these early Bantu settlers (in such modest densities) may have been responsible for some local landscape degradation (clearance, fire, metallurgy), but these same settlers could not, under any circumstances and across all Central Africa, be held responsible directly or indirectly for the synchronous changes of lake levels, draining vast swamps and opening up of the tropical forest canopy, which was due to an increased dry season, while the recovery with the recolonization of light demanding species, including oil palms (Elaeis guineensis) assisted by dispersers such as chimpanzees, was likewise due to natural processes. Therefore, it can be concluded that no data available validate the hypothesis that the major erosion or vegetation destruction ca. 2500 yr BP, was the result of large population movements. Indeed, the evolution of the environments of Central Africa are linked to the natural responses induced by general palaeoclimatic processes, observed synchronously not only in northern and eastern Africa, but globally. The natural recovery and resilience of these forests until the last centuries contrasts with the situation currently being faced.
机译：众所周知，众多古希文和史前重建都报告了当地规模，在热带中非的大大面积，显然突出了主要从CA开发的全新世雨林危机（LHRC）。 2500至2000年的BP。这种间隔的广泛同步性是醒目的，并且已经在许多不同的深湖泊中，来自潮湿或蒙太金林，湖泊或沼泽边缘到热带森林的许多不同的深湖泊，以及地表水位振荡的沼泽森林产生临时兴种。并行，按时间顺序审查归于这些领域的班图，包括燃烧，冶金和土地间隙的指标。然而，人类职业的证据，例如含有木炭的人工制品或沉积物在大多数领域都有特殊的并且通常不存在。虽然考古数据在中非人类占领的逐步南向致密化，但在2350年BP之前，结算的增加明显开始，而不是2500年之前。然而，一些作者解释了刚果盆地侵蚀增加的地球化学信号或喀麦隆湖周围的森林的开放，据归因于农业间隙，甚至是冶金所需的木炭供应。简而言之，这些早期的潘图子定居者（在这种适度的密度）可能是对一些当地景观退化（清关，火，冶金）负责，但这些相同的定居者不能在任何情况下都不能直接负责负责或间接地用于湖泊水平的同步变化，排出庞大的沼泽和开放热带森林冠层，这是由于旱季增加，而恢复着光苛刻物种的重新调整，包括油棕榈（ElaeisGuineensis）辅助通过诸如黑猩猩等分散器，同样由于天然过程。因此，可以得出结论，没有数据可用验证主要侵蚀或植被破坏的假设。 2500年BP，人口大量运动的结果。实际上，中非环境的进化与一般古叶病程诱导的自然反应有关，不仅在北部和东部同步观察，而且在全球范围内观察。这些森林的自然复苏和恢复力，直到最后几个世纪与目前面临的情况对比。

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