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Sub-Saharan African Ground Water Protection-Building on International Experience

机译：撒哈拉以南非洲地下水保护-基于国际经验

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摘要

Sub-Saharan Africa faces significant challenges in dealing with ground water pollution. These countries can look to successes and missteps on other continents to help choose their own individual paths to ensuring reliable and clean supplies of ground water. In the large view, sub-Saharan Africa can define specific levels of acceptable risk in water quality that drive cleanup efforts and are amenable to acceptance across national and geographic boundaries. Ground water quality databases must be expanded, and data must be available in an electronic form that is flexible, expandable, and uniform, and that can be used over wide geographic areas. Guidance from other continents is available on well construction, sampling and monitoring, interim remediation, technical impracticability, monitored natural attenuation, and many specific issues such as how to deal with small waste generators and septic contamination of water supply wells. It is important to establish a common African view on the appropriateness of other nations' ground water quality guidance for African issues, economic conditions, and community circumstances. Establishing numerical, concentration-based, water quality action levels for pollutants in ground water, which many neighboring African nations could hold comparable, would set the stage for risk-based remediation of contaminated sites. Efforts to gain public, grass-roots understanding and support for stable and balanced enforcement of standards are also key. Finally, effective capacity building in the region could be an eventual solution to ground water quality problems; with increased numbers of trained environmental professionals, ground water throughout the region can be protected and contaminated sites cleaned up.
机译：撒哈拉以南非洲在处理地下水污染方面面临重大挑战。这些国家可以在其他大洲寻求成功和失误，以帮助选择自己的道路，以确保可靠和清洁的地下水供应。从总体上看，撒哈拉以南非洲可以定义水质可接受风险的特定水平，这些水平可以推动清洁工作，并可以跨国家和地理范围接受。必须扩展地下水质量数据库，并且必须以灵活，可扩展和统一的电子形式提供数据，并且可以在广泛的地理区域内使用。其他大洲的指南也可用于井的建设，采样和监测，临时修复，技术上的不实用性，监测的自然衰减以及许多具体问题，例如如何处理小型废物产生器和供水井的败血症。在其他国家就非洲问题，经济状况和社区环境是否适合其他国家制定地下水质量指导意见时，建立非洲共识是很重要的。建立许多基于浓度的基于数值的地下水中污染物的水质行动水平（许多邻国非洲国家可以与之相比），这将为基于风险的污染场地修复奠定基础。努力获得公众，基层的理解和支持，以稳定，平衡地执行标准也是很关键的。最后，该地区有效的能力建设可以最终解决地下水质量问题；通过增加训练有素的环境专业人员的数量，可以保护整个地区的地下水，并净化受污染的场所。

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  • 来源
    《Ground water》 |2010年第2期|257-268|共12页
  • 作者

    David K. W.Kreamer; Brent W.Usher;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Qeoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4010;

    Institute for Ground Water Studies, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, SA;

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