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Transboundary Aquifers: Conceptual Models for Development of International Law

机译：跨界含水层：国际法发展的概念模型

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More than one-half of the world's population is dependent on ground water for everyday uses such as drinking, cooking, and hygiene. In fact, it is the most extracted natural resource in the world. As a result of growing populations and expanding economies, many aquifers today are being depleted while others are being contaminated. Notwithstanding the world's considerable reliance on this resource, ground water resources have long received only secondary attention as compared to surface water, especially among legislatures and policymakers. Today, while there are hundreds of treaties governing transboundary rivers and lakes, there is only one international agreement that directly addresses a transboundary aquifer. Given that many of the aquifers on which humanity so heavily relies cross international borders, there is a considerable gap in the sound management, allocation, and protection of such resources. In order to prevent future disputes over transboundary aquifers and to maximize the beneficial use of this resource, international law must be clarified as it applies to transboundary ground water resources. Moreover, it must be defined with a firm basis in sound scientific understanding. In this paper we offer six conceptual models is which ground water resources can have transboudary consequences. The models are intended to help in assessing the applicability and scientific soundness of existing and proposed rules governing transboundary ground water resources. In addition, we consider the development of international law as it applies to ground water resources and make recommendations based on the models and principles of hydro-geology. The objective is the development of clear, logical, and science-based norms of state conducts as they relate to aquifers that traverse political boundaries.
机译：世界上有一半以上的人口每天都依赖地下水来饮用，例如饮用，烹饪和卫生。实际上，它是世界上提取最多的自然资源。由于人口的增长和经济的发展，今天许多蓄水层已经枯竭，而其他蓄水层却受到了污染。尽管世界上对这种资源的依赖性很大，但与地表水相比，地下水一直以来仅受到次要关注，尤其是在立法机关和决策者中。如今，尽管有数百条关于跨界河流和湖泊的条约，但只有一项国际协议直接涉及跨界含水层。鉴于人类非常依赖的许多含水层都跨越了国际边界，因此在合理管理，分配和保护这类资源方面存在很大差距。为了防止将来就跨界含水层发生争端并最大程度地利用这种资源，必须澄清适用于跨界地下水资源的国际法。此外，必须在扎实的科学理解基础上对它进行定义。在本文中，我们提供了六个概念模型，即地下水资源可能产生跨界后果。这些模型旨在帮助评估有关现行和拟议的跨界地下水资源规则的适用性和科学合理性。此外，我们考虑了适用于地下水资源的国际法的发展，并根据水文地质学的模型和原理提出了建议。目的是发展与跨越政治边界的含水层相关的清晰，逻辑和科学的国家行为规范。

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