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首页> 外文期刊>Harmful Algae >Termination of a toxic Alexandrium bloom with hydrogen peroxide
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Termination of a toxic Alexandrium bloom with hydrogen peroxide

机译：用过氧化氢终止有毒的亚历山大花

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摘要

The dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii is a well-known harmful algal species that can potentially cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). Usually A. ostenfeldii occurs in low background concentrations only, but in August of 2012 an exceptionally dense bloom of more than 1 million cells L~(-1) occurred in the brackish Ouwerkerkse Kreek in The Netherlands. The A ostenfeldii bloom produced both saxitoxins and spirolides, and is held responsible for the death of a dog with a high saxitoxin stomach content. The Ouwerkerkse Kreek routinely discharges its water into the adjacent Oosterschelde estuary, and an immediate reduction of the bloom was required to avoid contamination of extensive shellfish grounds. Previously, treatment of infected waters with hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) successfully suppressed cyanobacterial blooms in lakes. Therefore, we adapted this treatment to eradicate the Alexandrium bloom using a three-step approach. First, we investigated the required H_2O_2 dosage in laboratory experiments with A ostenfeldii. Second, we tested the method in a small, isolated canal adjacent to the Ouwerkerkse Kreek. Finally, we brought 50 mg L~(-1) of H_2O_2 into the entire creek system with a special device, called a water harrow, for optimal dispersal of the added H_2O_2. Concentrations of both vegetative cells and pellicle cysts declined by 99.8% within 48 h, and PSP toxin concentrations in the water were reduced below local regulatory levels of 15 μg L~(-1). Zooplankton were strongly affected by the H_2O_2 treatment, but impacts on macroinvertebrates and fish were minimal. A key advantage of this method is that the added H_2O_2 decays to water and oxygen within a few days, which enables rapid recovery of the system after the treatment. This is the first successful field application of H_2O_2 to suppress a marine harmful algal bloom, although Alexandrium spp. reoccurred at lower concentrations in the following year. The results show that H_2O_2 treatment provides an effective emergency management option to mitigate toxic Alexandrium blooms, especially when immediate action is required.
机译：鞭毛藻（Dinoflagellate ostenfeldii）是一种众所周知的有害藻类，有可能引起麻痹性贝类中毒（PSP）。通常，奥斯滕费尔德氏菌仅在低背景浓度下发生，但在2012年8月，荷兰咸淡的Ouwerkerkse Kreek发生了异常密集的绽放，超过100万个细胞L〜（-1）。 A ostenfeldii花朵产生了毒素和螺旋藻，并导致胃毒素含量高的狗死亡。 Ouwerkerkse Kreek例行地将水排入相邻的Oosterschelde河口，因此需要立即减少水华，以免污染大量贝类。以前，用过氧化氢（H_2O_2）处理受感染的水成功地抑制了湖泊中的蓝细菌水华。因此，我们采用三步法调整了该处理方法以根除亚历山大大花。首先，我们在A. ostenfeldii的实验室实验中研究了所需的H_2O_2剂量。其次，我们在靠近Ouwerkerkse Kreek的一条小的隔离运河中测试了该方法。最后，我们用一种称为水耙的特殊装置将50 mg L〜（-1）的H_2O_2引入整个小河系统，以最佳地分散添加的H_2O_2。营养细胞和防护膜囊肿的浓度在48 h内下降了99.8％，水中的PSP毒素浓度降低到15μgL〜（-1）的局部调节水平以下。浮游动物受到H_2O_2处理的强烈影响，但对大型无脊椎动物和鱼类的影响很小。该方法的主要优点是所添加的H_2O_2在几天之内会分解为水和氧气，这使得处理后的系统能够快速恢复。这是H_2O_2首次成功地在野外应用，以抑制海洋有害的藻华，尽管亚历山大藻属。次年以较低的浓度再次发生。结果表明，H_2O_2处理提供了一种有效的应急管理选择，以减轻有毒的亚历山大大爆炸，尤其是在需要立即采取措施的情况下。

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  • 来源
    《Harmful Algae》 |2014年第1期|125-135|共11页
  • 作者

    Amanda Burson; Hans C.P. Matthijs; Wilco de Bruijne; Renee Talens; Ron Hoogenboom; Arjen Gerssen; Petra M. Visser; Maayke Stomp; Kees Steur; Yvonne van Scheppingen; Jef Huisman;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, Amsterdam 1090 GE, The Netherlands;

    Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, Amsterdam 1090 GE, The Netherlands;

    Arcadis Netherlands BV, Het Rietveld 59a, 7321 CT Apeldoom, The Netherlands;

    Arcadis Netherlands BV, Het Rietveld 59a, 7321 CT Apeldoom, The Netherlands;

    RIK1LT Wageningen UR, Akkermaalsbos 2, Building 123, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands;

    RIK1LT Wageningen UR, Akkermaalsbos 2, Building 123, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands;

    Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, Amsterdam 1090 CE, The Netherlands;

    Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, Amsterdam 1090 CE, The Netherlands;

    Waterschap Scheldestromen, PO Box 1000, 4330 ZW Middelburg, The Netherlands;

    Waterschap Scheldestromen, PO Box 1000, 4330 ZW Middelburg, The Netherlands;

    Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, Amsterdam 1090 GE, The Netherlands;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Alexandrium ostenfeldii; Coastal management; Harmful algal blooms; Hydrogen peroxide; Saxitoxin; Spirolides;

    机译：亚历山大草沿海管理;有害的藻华;过氧化氢毒素螺旋藻;

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