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Physical-biological coupling induced aggregation mechanism for the formation of high biomass red tides in low nutrient waters

机译：低营养水中高生物量赤潮形成的物理-生物耦合诱导聚集机制

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Port Shelter is a semi-enclosed bay in northeast Hong Kong where high biomass red tides are observed to occur frequently in narrow bands along the local bathymetric isobars. Previous study showed that nutrients in the Bay are not high enough to support high biomass red tides. The hypothesis is that physical aggregation and vertical migration of dinoflagellates appear to be the driving mechanism to promote the formation of red tides in this area. To test this hypothesis, we used a high-resolution estuarine circulation model to simulate the near-shore water dynamics based on in situ measured temperature/salinity profiles, winds and tidal constitutes taken from a well-validated regional tidal model. The model results demonstrated that water convergence occurs in a narrow band along the west shore of Port Shelter under a combined effect of stratified tidal current and easterly or northeasterly wind. Using particles as dinoflagellate cells and giving diel vertical migration, the model results showed that the particles aggregate along the convergent zone. By tracking particles in the model predicted current field, we estimated that the physical-biological coupled processes induced aggregation of the particles could cause 20-45 times enhanced cell density in the convergent zone. This indicated that a high cell density red tide under these processes could be initialized without very high nutrients concentrations. This may explain why Port Shelter, a nutrient-poor Bay, is the hot spot for high biomass red tides in Hong Kong in the past 25 years. Our study explains why red tide occurrences are episodic events and shows the importance of taking the physical-biological aggregation mechanism into consideration in the projection of red tides for coastal management.
机译：庇护所是香港东北部的一个半封闭海湾，在该处，沿等深线等压线的窄带经常出现高生物量红潮。先前的研究表明，海湾中的养分含量不足以支撑高生物量赤潮。假说是，鞭毛藻的物理聚集和垂直迁移似乎是促进该地区赤潮形成的驱动机制。为了验证这一假设，我们使用了高分辨率河口环流模型，基于现场测得的温度/盐度剖面，取自经充分验证的区域潮汐模型的潮气和潮汐成分，来模拟近岸水动力学。模型结果表明，在分层潮流和东风或北风的共同作用下，沿着港口住房西岸的狭窄带发生了水收敛。使用颗粒作为藻鞭毛细胞并赋予diel垂直迁移，模型结果表明颗粒沿会聚区聚集。通过跟踪模型预测的电流场中的粒子，我们估计物理-生物耦合过程诱导的粒子聚集可能会导致会聚区细胞密度提高20-45倍。这表明在没有非常高的营养物浓度的情况下，可以初始化这些过程中的高细胞密度赤潮。这可以解释为什么过去25年里，营养不良的海湾庇护所是香港高生物量赤潮的热点。我们的研究解释了为什么赤潮的发生是偶发事件，并说明了在预测赤潮对海岸带管理时考虑物理-生物聚集机制的重要性。

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