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Three-dimensional structure of a Karenia brevis bloom: Observations from gliders, satellites, and field measurements

机译:短叶卡雷尼亚花的三维结构:滑翔机,卫星和野外观测的观测

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摘要

Autonomous underwater gliders with customized sensors were deployed in October 2011 on the central West Florida Shelf to measure a Karenia brevis bloom, which was captured in satellite imagery since late September 2011. Combined with in situ taxonomy data, satellite measurements, and numerical circulation models, the glider measurements provided information on the three-dimensional structure of the bloom. Temperature, salinity, fluorescence of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and chlorophyll-a, particulate backscattering coefficient, and K. brevis-specific chlorophyll-a concentrations were measured by the gliders over >250 km from the surface to about 30-m water depth on the shallow shelf. At the time of sampling the bloom was characterized by uniform vertical structures, with relatively high chlorophyll-a and CDOM fluorescence, low temperature, and high salinity. Satellite data extracted along the glider tracks demonstrated coherent spatial variations as observed by the gliders. Further, the synoptic satellite observations revealed the bloom evolution during the 7 months between late September 2011 and mid April 2012, and showed the maximum bloom size of ~3000 km~2 around 23 November. The combined satellite and in situ data also confirmed that the ratio of satellite-derived fluorescence line height (FLH) to particulate backscattering coefficient at 547 nm (b_(bp)(547)) could be used as a better index than FLH alone to detect K. brevis blooms. Numerical circulation models further suggested that the bloom could have been initiated offshore and advected onshore via the bottom Ekman layer. The case study here demonstrates the unique value of an integrated coastal ocean observing system in studying harmful algal blooms (HABs).
机译:自2011年10月起,带有定制传感器的自主水下滑翔机被部署在西佛罗里达州中部大陆架上,以测量卡雷尼亚短vis花,该花bloom自2011年9月下旬开始在卫星图像中捕获。滑翔机的测量提供了有关大华三维结构的信息。温度,盐度,有色溶解有机物(CDOM)和叶绿素-a的荧光,颗粒反向散射系数和K. brevis特定叶绿素-a的浓度是由滑翔机在距地表> 250 km至约30 m的水域中测量的浅架子上的深度。采样时,水华的特征是均匀的垂直结构,具有较高的叶绿素-a和CDOM荧光,低温和高盐度。沿滑翔机轨道提取的卫星数据显示出滑翔机观测到的连贯的空间变化。此外,天气卫星观测还揭示了从2011年9月下旬到2012年4月中旬的7个月内的大花期​​演变,并显示了11月23日前后最大的大花期约3,000 km〜2。卫星和现场数据的组合还证实,与单独使用FLH相比,卫星衍生的荧光谱线高度(FLH)与547 nm处颗粒反向散射系数的比率(b_(bp)(547))可以用作更好的指标K. brevis开花。数值环流模型进一步表明,水华可能是在近海始发并通过底部埃克曼层平移到岸上。这里的案例研究证明了集成的沿海海洋观测系统在研究有害藻华(HAB)中的独特价值。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Harmful Algae》 |2013年第10期|22-30|共9页
  • 作者单位

    College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, United States,Earth Observation and Hydro-Climatology Laboratory, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Masdar City, PO Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates;

    College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, United States;

    College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, United States;

    College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, United States;

    College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, United States;

    College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, United States;

    Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 100 8th Avenue Southeast, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, United States;

    College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, United States;

    College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, FL 33701, United States;

    Earth Observation and Hydro-Climatology Laboratory, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Masdar City, PO Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    FVCOM model; Glider; Harmful algal blooms (HABs); Karenia brevis; Remote sensing; Upwelling;

    机译:FVCOM模型;滑翔机;有害藻华(HABs);卡列尼亚·布雷维斯;遥感;上升流;

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