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Roles of mixotrophy in blooms of different dinoflagellates: Implications from the growth experiment

机译：混合营养在不同鞭毛藻绽放中的作用：来自生长实验的启示

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摘要

Studies over the last two decades suggested that mixotrophy could be an important adaptive strategy for some bloom-forming dinoflagellates. In the coastal waters adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary in the East China Sea, recurrent blooms of dinoflagellates Prorocentrum donghaiense, Karenia mikimotoi and Alexandrium catenella started to appear from the beginning of the 21 century, but roles of mixotrophy in the formation of dinoflagellate blooms were not well understood. In the current study, mixotrophy-based growth of four selected bloom-causative dinoflagellate species, i.e. K. mikimotoi, A catenella, P. donghaiense and Prorocentrum micans, were studied. Dinoflagellates were co-cultured with different prey organisms, including bacterium Marinobacter sp., microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Hemiselmis virescens, under a variant of nutrient conditions. It was found that growth of dinoflagellate K. mikimotoi was significantly promoted with the presence of prey organisms. Growth of P. donghaiense and P. micans was only slightly improved. For A. catenella, the addition of prey organisms has no effects on the growth, while both of the two prey microalgae /. galbana and H. virescens were killed, probably by allelochemicals released from A. catenella. There was no apparent relationship between nutrient conditions and the mixotrophy-based growth of the tested dinoflagellates. Based on the results of the growth experiment, it is implicated that mixotrophy may play different roles in the growth and bloom of the four dinoflagellate species. It can be an important competitive strategy for K. mikimotoi. For the two Prorocentrum species and A. catenella, however, the role of mixotrophy is much limited. They may depend more on other competitive strategies, such as phototrophy-based growth and allelopathic effect, to prevail in the phytoplankton community and form blooms.
机译：过去二十年的研究表明，混合营养可能是某些形成水华的鞭毛虫的重要适应策略。在东海长江口附近的沿海水域，从21世纪初开始出现了鞭毛藻的反复绽放，如东海原螯藻，三叶卡雷尼亚氏菌和山毛榉亚历山大藻，但是混合营养在形成鞭毛藻中的作用是不太了解。在当前的研究中，研究了基于混合营养的生长的四种选定的引起花粉病的鞭毛藻物种，即，K。mikimotoi，A catenella，P。donghaiense和Prorocentrum micans。在不同的营养条件下，将鞭毛藻与不同的猎物生物共培养，包括细菌Marinobacter sp。，微藻等鞭金藻和Hemiselmis virescens。已经发现，捕食生物的存在显着促进了鞭毛藻的生长。东海疟原虫和米克疟原虫的生长仅略有改善。对于A. catenella，添加猎物生物对生长没有影响，而两个猎物微藻都。 galbana和virescens可能被从A. catenella释放的化感物质杀死。营养条件与被检食鞭毛藻的混合营养生长无关。根据生长实验的结果，暗示混合营养在四种鞭毛藻的生长和开花中可能发挥不同的作用。这可能是mikimotoi的重要竞争策略。但是，对于两种原肠原种和A. catenella，混合营养的作用非常有限。它们可能更多地依赖于其他竞争策略，例如基于光营养的生长和化感作用，从而在浮游植物群落中盛行并形成花朵。

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  • 来源
    《Harmful Algae》 |2013年第12期|10-26|共17页
  • 作者

    Qing-Chun Zhang; Jing-Jing Song; Ren-Cheng Yu; Tian Yan; Yun-Feng Wang; Fan-Zhou Kong; Ming-Jiang Zhou;

  • 作者单位

    Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;

    Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China Craduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;

    Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;

    Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;

    Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;

    Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;

    Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Harmful algal bloom; Mixotrophy; Karenia mikimotoi; Alexandrium catenella; Prorocentrum micans; Prorocentrum donghaiense;

    机译：有害的藻华;混合营养;Karenia Mikimotoi;亚历山大连叶;Prorocenter micans;东海原肠;

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