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首页> 外文期刊>Harmful Algae >The effects of harmful algal species and food concentration on zooplankton grazer production of dissolved organic matter and inorganic nutrients
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The effects of harmful algal species and food concentration on zooplankton grazer production of dissolved organic matter and inorganic nutrients

机译：有害藻类和食物浓度对浮游生物放牧者生产溶解性有机物和无机养分的影响

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摘要

Harmful algal blooms (HABs), including toxic species, have been increasing in frequency, range, and duration over the past several decades. The effect of a harmful or toxic algal diet on zooplankton nutrient regeneration, however, has not been previously examined. In this study, we determined the effects of non-bloom and bloom concentrations of non-toxic and toxic cultures of HAB species Prowcentrum minimum and Karlodinium veneficum on grazing and production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON), and phosphorus (DOP), and inorganic nutrients, ammonium (NH-4+) and phosphate (PO-43-, by the copepod Acartia tonsa and the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina. Ingestion rates of grazers were significantly higher while feeding on bloom algal concentrations compared to non-bloom algal concentrations, but were always below 1% body Cd-1 for A tonsa (ingestion rate range of 0.5-31 ng C individual-1 d-1) and below 2% body C d~' for O. marina (range of 0.1-8.8 pgC individual"1 d-1). However, rates of inorganic nutrient and dissolved organic matter (DOM) release, when detected, were always >100% of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) ingested. Additionally, the quantity and forms (organic vs. inorganic) of nutrients released by zooplankton were significantly different between non-toxic and toxic algal treatments, and typically higher grazer DOM release occurred while feeding on toxic algal cultures. DOM was the only detected form of nutrient released from 0. marina, and DON and DOP were significant portions of total dissolved N and P released for A tonsa feeding on toxic K. veneficum (69-84% and 73%, respectively). Low grazing rates on all algal diets used in our study, regardless of cell concentration or toxicity, likely resulted in starvation and subsequent catabolism of grazer body tissue. The potential for additional factors affecting variable grazer nutrient release between toxic and non-toxic algal treatments, including algal nutrient quality and direct toxic effects, are discussed. Our results suggest these grazers may not be capable of controlling bloom formation of these HAB species, and that nutrient cycling dynamics in the coastal ocean may change with increases in the presence of harmful and toxic algal blooms.
机译：在过去的几十年中，有害的藻华（HAB）（包括有毒物种）的频率，范围和持续时间一直在增加。但是，以前尚未检查过有害或有毒的藻类饮食对浮游动物养分再生的影响。在本研究中，我们确定了HAB物种Prowcentrum minimum和Karlodinium v​​eneficum的无毒和无毒培养物的非开花和开花浓度对放牧和生产可溶性有机碳（DOC），氮（DON）和磷（ OP足类的car螨和异养的鞭毛藻（Oxyrrhis marina）的无机营养元素铵（NH-4 +）和磷酸盐（PO-43-）。藻浓度高，但对于扁桃体（摄入速率范围为0.5-31 ng C个人-1 d-1），身体Cd-1始终低于1％，对于滨海湾O（O。marina），身体Cd-1始终低于2％Cd-1'分别为0.1-8.8 pgC（1 d-1）。但是，检测到的无机养分和溶解性有机物（DOM）释放速率始终> 100％碳（C），氮（N）和磷（ P）摄取，此外，Z释放的营养素的数量和形式（有机与无机）在无毒和有毒藻类处理之间，ooplankton显着不同，通常以有毒藻类养殖为食时，放牧者的DOM释放较高。 DOM是唯一检测到的从0码头释放的养分形式，而DON和DOP是饲喂有毒K.veneficum的A豆的总溶解氮和磷的重要部分（分别为69-84％和73％）。我们研究中使用的所有藻类饮食的低放牧率，无论细胞浓度或毒性如何，都可能导致草食者身体组织饥饿和随后的分解代谢。讨论了影响有毒和无毒藻类处理之间可变的放牧者养分释放的其他因素的潜力，包括藻类营养素质量和直接毒性作用。我们的结果表明，这些放牧者可能无法控制这些HAB物种的水华形成，并且随着有害和有毒的水华的存在，沿海海洋中的养分循环动态可能会发生变化。

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  • 来源
    《Harmful Algae》 |2011年第3期|p.291-303|共13页
  • 作者

    Grace K. Saba; Deborah K. Steinberg; Deborah A. Bronk; Allen R. Place;

  • 作者单位

    Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA,Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, N] 08901, USA;

    Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA;

    Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA;

    Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences, 701 E. Pratt St., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    dissolved organic matter (dom); excretion; food quality; grazer deterrence; harmful algal blooms (habs); toxic algae; zooplankton grazing;

    机译：溶解的有机物（dom）;排泄;食物品质;放牧威慑有害藻华（毒菌）;有毒藻类浮游动物放牧;

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