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首页> 外文期刊>Harmful Algae >Mitigation of harmful algal blooms caused by Alexandrium catenella and reduction in saxitoxin accumulation in bivalves using cultivable seaweeds
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Mitigation of harmful algal blooms caused by Alexandrium catenella and reduction in saxitoxin accumulation in bivalves using cultivable seaweeds

机译：亚历山大山群岛造成的有害藻类绽放的减轻，使用可栽培海藻减少北斯坦毒素积累

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Alexandrium catenella is a harmful algal bloom (HAB)-forming dinoflagellate that causes significant damage to the cultivation and harvest of shellfish due to its synthesis of paralytic shellfish toxins. To evaluate the potential for macroalgae aquaculture to mitigate A. catenella blooms, we determined the effects of three cultivable macroalgae - Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp), Chondrus crispus (Irish moss), and Ulva spp. - on A. catenella in culture- and field-based experiments. Co-culture growth assays of A. catenella exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of each macroalgae showed that all species except low levels of C. crispus caused cell lysis and significant reductions in A. catenella densities relative to control treatments of 17-74% in 2-3 days and 42-96% in similar to one week (p0.05 for all assays). In a toxin accumulation experiment, S. latissima significantly lessened (p0.05) saxitoxin (STX) accumulation in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), keeping levels (71.80 +/- 1.98 mu g STX 100 g(-1)) below US closure limits (80 mu g STX 100 g(-1)) compared to the untreated control (93.47 +/- 8.11 mu g STX 100 g(-1)). Bottle incubations of field-collected, bloom populations of A. catenella experienced significant reductions in cell densities of up to 95% when exposed to aquaculture concentrations of all three macroalgae (p0.005 for all). The stocking of aquacultured S. latissima within mesocosms containing a bloom population of A. catenella (initial density: 3.2 x 10(4) cells L-1) reduced the population of A. catenella by 73% over 48 h (p0.005) while Ulva addition caused a 54% reduction in A. catenella over 96 h (p0.01). Among the three seaweeds, their ordered ability to inhibit A. catenella was S. latissima Ulva spp. C. crispus. Seaweeds primary anti-A. catenella activity were allelopathic, while nutrient competition, pH elevation, and macroalgae-attached bacteria may have played a contributory role in some experiments. Collectively, these results suggest that the integration of macroalgae with shellfish-centric aquaculture establishments should be considered as a non-invasive, environmentally friendly, and potentially profit-generating measure to mitigate A. catenella-caused damage to the shellfish aquaculture industry.
机译：Alexandrium catenella是一种有害的藻类绽放（HAB）型甲藻，导致贝类栽培和收获的严重损害由于其瘫痪贝类毒素的合成而受到影响。为了评估Macroalgae水产养殖的潜力，用于缓解A. Catenella Blooms，我们确定了三种可种种的大草原 - Saccharina Latissima（Sugar Kelp），软骨脆节（爱尔兰苔藓）和ULVA SPP的影响。 - 在基于文化和现场实验的A. catenella。暴露于每种大类环保浓度的CATENELA的共培养生长测定表明，除了低水平的C. crispus除含量较低的含量和显着降低的A. catenella密度相对于27-74％的治疗，2 -3天和42-96％类似于一周（P <所有测定的P <0.05）。在毒素累积实验中，S. Latissima显着减少（P <0.05）蓝贻贝（Mytilus Edulis）中的撒克罗毒素（STX）积累，保持水平（71.80 +/- 1.98 mu g stx 100 g（-1））下方与未处理对照（93.47 +/-8.11μgstx100g（-1））相比，限制（80μmg stx 100g（-1））。瓶子孵化的田间收集的A. catenella的盛开群体在暴露于所有三种大草种的水产养殖浓度（P <0.005的水产养殖浓度时，在细胞密度均显着降低了高达95％的细胞密度。水产养殖S. Latissima的股票在含有绽放群的中科科氏菌群中，初始密度：3.2×10（4）细胞L-1）将A. catenella的群体减少73％超过48小时（P <0.005）虽然ULVA添加引起54％的A. catenella超过96小时（P <0.01）。在三个海藻中，他们有序抑制A. catenella的能力是S. Latissima＆GT; ULVA SPP。 ＆ C. Crispus。海藻初级反A. Catenella活性是异教徒，而营养竞争，pH升高和宏观曲线附着的细菌可能在一些实验中发挥了贡献作用。这些结果表明，与贝类中心水产养殖机构的宏algae的整合应被视为非侵入性，环保，潜在的盈利产生措施，以减轻A. catenella对贝类水产养殖业造成的损坏。

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