Upheaval in the moral economy of science? Patenting, teamwork and the World War II experience of penicillin

Robert Bud

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Upheaval in the moral economy of science? Patenting, teamwork and the World War II experience of penicillin

机译：科学道德经济的动荡？青霉素专利，团队合作和第二次世界大战的经验

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The development of penicillin can be seen as marking a decisive break with prewar biomedical research but not as launching the new world of 'Mode 2' science. The patenting of vitamin D enrichment by Steenbock in the 1920s and the administration of these patents by the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF) had deepened resistance in the UK, and in some US institutions, to the patenting of life science innovations. The initially negative reaction of the Medical Research Council (MRC) to penicillin patenting must be seen as a response specifically to the vitamin D experience. However MRC came to accept the patenting of innovations in penicillin technology. Similarly teamwork in wartime penicillin development went to unanticipated lengths. Such scientific styles were accepted and seen as paradigmatic for the positive potential of certain kinds of science. Postwar basic science policy can be seen, however, as an attempt to protect some scientific work from the impact of such innovations.

机译：青霉素的开发可以被视为标志着战前生物医学研究的决定性突破，而不是启动“模式2”科学的新世界。斯滕博克（Steenbock）在1920年代申请了维生素D浓缩技术的专利，并由威斯康星校友研究基金会（WARF）进行了这些专利的管理，在英国和美国的一些机构中，对生命科学创新的专利加深了抵制。医学研究委员会（MRC）最初对青霉素专利的负面反应必须被视为对维生素D经验的专门反应。但是，MRC接受了青霉素技术创新的专利。同样，战时青霉素开发方面的团队合作超出了预期。这种科学风格被人们接受，并被视为某些科学的积极潜力的范例。但是，战后的基础科学政策可以看作是一种保护某些科学工作不受此类创新影响的尝试。

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《History and Technology》 |2008年第2期|p.173-190|共18页
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Robert Bud;
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正文语种 eng
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penicillin; vitamin D; team work; patents; World War II;

机译：青霉素;维生素D;团队合作;专利;第二次世界大战;

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Upheaval in the moral economy of science? Patenting, teamwork and the World War II experience of penicillin

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