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Status, scale and secret ingredients: the retrospective invention of London porter

机译：现状，规模和秘密成分：伦敦搬运工的回顾性发明

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Porter, a dark style of beer that was the staple of London in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, is conventionally addressed as a discrete invention, suited to large-scale production, whose appearance led rapidly to enclosure of the trade by a few industrial-scale producers. This paper by contrast presents the capitalist industrialization of brewing as co-extensive with, and reinforced by, the long-term emergence of a consensus definition of porter; the invention story is a retrospective construct that telescopes a century or more of technical change. Balancing established economic accounts, I address the role of product identity as a rhetorical device. London's greatest brewers were in part assisted in capturing smaller competitors' trade by the enshrining of large-scale production as a 'secret ingredient' in its own right, essential to the nature of the 'true' product.
机译：波特啤酒是一种深色啤酒，在18世纪和19世纪曾是伦敦的主食，通常被认为是一项离散的发明，适合大规模生产，其外观迅速导致了一些工业规模的贸易封闭。生产者。相比之下，本文提出了啤酒酿造的资本主义工业化与波特的共识定义的长期出现同时得到扩展和加强。发明故事是一个回顾性的结构，可以追溯一个世纪或更长时间的技术变化。平衡已建立的经济账户，我将产品标识作为一种修辞手段发挥作用。伦敦最伟大的啤酒酿造商通过将大规模生产本身视为“秘密成分”，这对“真正”产品的本质至关重要，从而在一定程度上帮助捕获了较小的竞争对手的贸易。

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