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Effects of Headset, Flight Workload, Hearing Ability, and Communications Message Quality on Pilot Performance

机译：耳机，飞行工作量，听力能力和通信消息质量对飞行员绩效的影响

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Objective: This study was designed to determine the effects of hearing loss, aviation headset type, flight workload complexity, and communication signal quality on pilots' performance in an army rotary-wing flight simulator. Background:To maintain flight status, army aviators who do not meet current audiometric standards require a hearing loss waiver, which is based on speech intelligibility in quiet conditions. Because hearing loss characteristics of hearing-impaired aviators can vary greatly, and because performance is likely also influenced by degree of flight workload and communication demand, it was expected that performance among hearing-impaired aviators would also vary. Method: Participants were 20 army helicopter pilots. Pilots flew three flights in a full motion-based helicopter simulator, with a different headset configuration and varying flight workload levels and communication signal quality characterizing each flight. Objective flight performance parameters of heading, altitude, and airspeed deviation and air traffic control command read-backs were measured. Results: Statistically significant results suggest that high levels of flight workload, especially in combination with poor communications signal quality, lead to deficits in flight performance and speech intelligibility. Conclusion: These results support a conclusion that factors other than hearing thresholds and speech intelligibility in quiet should be considered when evaluating helicopter pilots' flight safety. The results also support a recommendation that hearing-impaired pilots use assistive communication technology and not fly with strictly passive headsets. Application:The combined effects of flight environment with individual hearing levels should be considered when making recommendations concerning continued aviation flight status and those concerning communications headsets used in high-noise cockpits.
机译：目的：本研究旨在确定听力损失，航空耳机类型，飞行工作量复杂度以及通信信号质量对陆军旋转翼飞行模拟器中飞行员性能的影响。背景：为保持飞行状态，不符合当前听力测验标准的飞行员需要放弃听力损失，这是基于安静条件下的语音清晰度。由于听力受损飞行员的听力损失特性可能会发生很大变化，并且由于性能可能还会受到飞行工作量和通信需求的影响，因此可以预期，听力受损飞行员的性能也会有所不同。方法：参与者为20名陆军直升机飞行员。飞行员在一个完全基于运动的直升机模拟器中飞行了三个航班，具有不同的头戴式耳机配置以及变化的飞行工作量水平和表征每个飞行的通信信号质量。测量了航向，高度和空速偏差以及空中交通管制命令回读的客观飞行性能参数。结果：具有统计学意义的结果表明，高水平的飞行工作量，尤其是与不良的通信信号质量相结合，会导致飞行性能和语音清晰度下降。结论：这些结果支持一个结论，即在评估直升机飞行员的飞行安全性时，应考虑除了听力阈值和安静环境中的语音清晰度以外的其他因素。结果还支持一项建议，即有听力障碍的飞行员应使用辅助通信技术，而不要佩戴严格无源的头戴设备。应用：在提出有关持续航空飞行状态和有关在高噪声驾驶舱中使用的通讯耳机的建议时，应考虑飞行环境与个人听力水平的综合影响。

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