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On-Road Evaluation of In-vehicle Interface Characteristics and Their Effects on Performance of Visual Detection on the Road and Manual Entry

机译：车载接口特性的道路评估及其对道路视觉检测和手动输入性能的影响

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Objective: This study investigated the impact of in-vehicle interface characteristics on drivers' multitasking performance measures relating to visual attention management, concerning the distraction potential of in-vehicle touchscreens. Background: Compared with physical controls providing drivers with naturalistic nonvisual cues, in-vehicle touchscreen interaction relies on vision to a greater extent, leading to more time with eyes off the road and concerns for safety. Little is known from existing research about the extent to which synthetic feedback of in-vehicle touchscreens support visual attention of multitasking drivers, while automakers are increasingly incorporating nondriving functions into in-vehicle touchscreens. Method: Twenty-nine participants drove an instrumented vehicle on a closed course and acknowledged visual probes obscured on the roadside, while performing a manual data entry task with input interfaces mounted on the center console. The interfaces differed by interface type, key feedback modality, and key size; the configuration of interface characteristics was the within-subject variable. The collected data include performance measures concerning visual detection and touchscreen interaction, in addition to perceived workload. Results: The addition of nonvisual feedback to touchscreen interaction significantly improved accuracy and promptness of visual detection. No significant difference was found between different sizes of touchscreen keys when synthetic nonvisual feedback was available. Given multisensory feedback, no measure showed a difference between touchscreen conditions and a physical keypad. Conclusion: The provision of synthetic nonvisual feedback to touchscreen interaction can support visual attention and enhance multitasking performance in driving. Application: This study can inform in-vehicle interface designers and policy makers concerned with distracted driving and safety.
机译：目的：本研究调查了车辆界面特性对驾驶员与视觉注意力管理相关的多任务性能指标的影响，涉及车辆触摸屏的潜在干扰。背景：与为驾驶员提供自然主义非视觉线索的物理控件相比，车载触摸屏交互在很大程度上依赖视觉，从而导致更多的时间离开视线并关注安全性。现有研究对车载触摸屏的综合反馈在多大程度上支持多任务驾驶员的视觉关注程度知之甚少，而汽车制造商正越来越多地将非驾驶功能纳入车载触摸屏。方法：29名参与者在封闭的道路上驾驶仪表车辆，并确认路边的视觉探针被遮挡，同时使用安装在中央控制台上的输入界面执行手动数据输入任务。接口因接口类型，键反馈方式和键大小而异；接口特征的配置是主题内变量。所收集的数据除了感知到的工作量之外，还包括与视觉检测和触摸屏交互有关的性能指标。结果：在触摸屏交互中增加了非视觉反馈，大大提高了视觉检测的准确性和及时性。当可获得合成的非视觉反馈时，在不同大小的触摸屏按键之间没有发现显着差异。给定多感官反馈，没有任何措施显示触摸屏条件和物理键盘之间的差异。结论：为触摸屏交互提供合成的非视觉反馈可以支持视觉注意力并增强驾驶中的多任务性能。应用：这项研究可以使关注分散驾驶和安全性的车载界面设计者和决策者。

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