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首页> 外文期刊>Human Rights Review >The Priority of Conflict Deterrence and the Role of the International Criminal Court in Kenya’s Post-Electoral Violence 2007–2008 and 2013
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The Priority of Conflict Deterrence and the Role of the International Criminal Court in Kenya’s Post-Electoral Violence 2007–2008 and 2013

机译：冲突威慑的优先次序和国际刑事法院在肯尼亚2007-2008年和2013年选举后暴力中的作用

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摘要

The entry into force of the Rome Statute on 1 July 2002 establishing the International Criminal Court (ICC) has signified a shift in the goals pursued by international criminal law. Due to new types of warfare dynamics, international protection is in need of new orientations, particularly with regard to conflict deterrence aims. This urgency is widely documented by the normative action framework of the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) and, more recently, by the UN Secretary-General 2012–2013 Reports for the RtoP’s implementation. The scope of this study is twofold. On the one hand, it aims to explore theoretical overlapping between the jus post bellum and the RtoP with regard to deterrence effects of the ICC; on the other hand, it proposes to illustrate such dynamics by reference to Kenya’s post-electoral violence during the period 2007–2013. Kenya represents an instance of a post-conflict society whereby transitional justice actions have taken place under a de facto adoption of a RtoP framework. As a result, I defend a qualified correlation between ICC’s retribution and deterrence effects. I claim that the hypothesis of the ICC’s deterring effects accounts in Kenya is constructed upon a general condition of direct compliance by self-interested rational actors (such as high-ranking political candidates and their secretariat) as well as on unintended effects of ethnic stabilization. I further consider that this possibility is reinforced by systemic interdependencies with other national and international initiatives such as the Kenyan National Dialogue and Reconciliation (KNDR) mediation initiative, the Grand Coalition Government, the Panel of African Eminent Personalities led by Kofi Annan, and the findings of the Commission of Enquiry of Post-Election Violence (CIPEV).
机译：建立国际刑事法院的《罗马规约》于2002年7月1日生效，这标志着国际刑法所追求目标的转变。由于新型的战争动态，国际保护需要新的方向，特别是在冲突威慑目标方面。保护责任（RtoP）的规范性行动框架，以及最近执行RtoP的联合国秘书长《 2012-2013年报告》，已广泛记录了这一紧迫性。这项研究的范围是双重的。一方面，其目的是探讨国际法院的威慑作用在战后法和RtoP之间的理论重叠；另一方面，它建议通过参考肯尼亚在2007年至2013年期间的选举后暴力来说明这种动态。肯尼亚代表了冲突后社会的一个实例，在该冲突中，事实上采用了RtoP框架采取了过渡司法行动。结果，我捍卫了ICC的报应和威慑作用之间的合格关联。我声称，国际刑事法院在肯尼亚的威慑效应假说的假设是建立在利己主义理性行为者（例如高级政治候选人及其秘书处）直接遵守的一般条件下，以及种族稳定带来的意想不到的影响。我进一步认为，与其他国家和国际倡议（例如肯尼亚全国对话与和解（KNDR）调解倡议，大联盟政府，由科菲·安南领导的非洲知名人士小组）的系统相互依存进一步加强了这种可能性。选举后暴力调查委员会（CIPEV）。

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