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Laboratory study of the influence of salinity on the relationship between electrical conductivity and wetness of snow

机译：盐度对电导率与雪湿度关系的影响的室内研究

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摘要

Snow water equivalent of a snowpack can be estimated using ground-penetrating radar from the radar wave two-way travel time. However, such estimates often have low accuracy when the snowpack contains liquid water. If snow wetness is known, it is possible to take it into account in the estimates; it is therefore desirable to be able to determine snow wetness from already available radar data. Our approach is based on using radar wave attenuation, and it requires that the relationship between electrical conductivity and wetness of snow should be known. This relationship has been tentatively established in previous laboratory experiments, but only for a specific liquid water salinity and radar frequency. This article presents the results of new laboratory experiments conducted to investigate if and how this relationship is influenced by salinity. In each experiment, a certain amount of snow was melted and a known amount of salt (different for different experiments) was added to the water. Water salinity was measured, and the water was added step-wise to a one-meter thick snowpack, with radar measurements taken between additions of water. Our experiments have confirmed the earlier established linear relationship between electrical conductivity and wetness of snow, and they allow us to suggest that the influence of liquid water salinity on electrical conductivity is negligible when compared to the influence of liquid water content in snow.
机译：可以使用探地雷达从雷达波的双向传播时间估算积雪的雪水当量。但是，当积雪中含有液态水时，此类估计的准确性通常较低。如果知道雪的湿度，则可以在估计中将其考虑在内；因此，期望能够从已经可用的雷达数据确定雪湿度。我们的方法基于使用雷达波衰减的方法，它要求电导率和雪的湿度之间的关系应该是已知的。这种关系已经在先前的实验室实验中初步建立，但仅针对特定的液态水盐度和雷达频率。本文介绍了新的实验室实验结果，以研究盐分是否以及如何影响这种关系。在每个实验中，一定量的雪被融化，并且将已知量的盐（因不同的实验而异）添加到水中。测量水的盐度，然后将水逐步添加到一米厚的积雪堆中，并在添加水之间进行雷达测量。我们的实验证实了较早建立的电导率与雪的湿度之间的线性关系，并且它们使我们建议，与雪中的液态水含量的影响相比，液态水盐度对电导率的影响可以忽略。

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