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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Short sea migration and precocious maturation in reared Atlantic salmon post-smolts in the northern Baltic Sea
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Short sea migration and precocious maturation in reared Atlantic salmon post-smolts in the northern Baltic Sea

机译：波罗的海北部人工饲养的大西洋鲑鱼的短海迁移和早熟

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摘要

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) display significant variation in life history traits, including migration patterns and age at maturity. Hatchery rearing has been shown to affect the life history, and rearing-induced changes may include unfavourable consequences, e.g. shortened sea migration period and smaller size at maturity. We report on a new phenomenon of life history of reared Atlantic salmon in the Baltic Sea area: small-sized salmon returning to freshwater only a few months after release as smolts. These "one-sea-summer (1SS)" salmon were ca. 35 cm in length and weighed ca. 400 g, being clearly larger than smolts, but substantially smaller than one-sea-winter (1SW) salmon from the same cohorts. Almost all 1SS salmon were mature males and, at release, had been longer than the overall mean. Stable isotope analysis suggested that the 1SS salmon had been feeding in different sea areas than 1SW and multi-sea-winter salmon, likely in nearby Bothnian Bay, which is typically not a salmon feeding area. If an increasing proportion of the released salmon are not undertaking a normal marine migration (similar to 1SW) and are returning to estuaries and rivers as 1SS fish, the success and profitability of the reared salmon releases will decline even more than the reduced post-smolt survival is suggesting. We suggest that alternative rearing practices (e. g. enriched rearing environments and advanced diets) should be considered in hatchery production for shaping the reared smolts towards a closer resemblance to wild smolts.
机译：大西洋鲑（Salmo salar L.）在生活史特征上具有显着变化，包括迁徙模式和成熟年龄。已经证明孵化场的饲养会影响其生活史，并且饲养引起的变化可能包括不利的后果，例如缩短了海上迁徙时间，成熟期较小。我们报告了在波罗的海地区饲养大西洋鲑鱼的一种新的生活史现象：小型鲑鱼以鲑鱼的形式释放后仅几个月就返回淡水。这些“一海夏（1SS）”鲑鱼大约是。长35厘米，重约400克，明显大于鲑鱼，但比相同人群的单冬鲑（1SW）小得多。几乎所有的1SS鲑鱼都是成年雄性，在释放时比总平均值更长。稳定的同位素分析表明，与1SW和多海冬季鲑鱼相比，1SS鲑鱼在不同的海域觅食，很可能在附近的博特尼安湾附近，这通常不是鲑鱼的觅食区。如果越来越多的鲑鱼释放未进行正常的海洋迁移（类似于1SW），并以1SS鱼类的形式返回河口和河流，则鲑鱼释放的成功率和获利能力将下降，甚至比减少的熏鲑后下降生存表明。我们建议在孵化场生产中应考虑替代饲养方法（例如，丰富的饲养环境和高级饮食），以使养殖的shaping鱼成形为更接近野生的wild鱼。

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