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首页> 外文期刊>Aquacultural Engineering: An International Journal >The potential of alternative lighting-systems to suppress pre-harvest sexual maturation of 1+ Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts reared in commercial sea-cages.
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The potential of alternative lighting-systems to suppress pre-harvest sexual maturation of 1+ Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts reared in commercial sea-cages.

机译：替代照明系统具有抑制商业海箱中饲养的1+大西洋鲑（salmo salar）捕捞前性成熟的潜力。

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The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of new candidate lighting-technologies (50 W 'blue' light-emitting-diode (B, lambda max=465 nm); 232 W 'green' hot cathode, (G, lambda max=546 nm); 400 W 'red' tungsten-halogen, (R, lambda max=667-740 nm)) against a standard 400 W 'white' metal-halide used as control technology (C, broad spectrum) at suppressing sexual maturation of 1+ Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in sea-cages. A total of seven experimental set-ups were tested on a commercial-scale in three trials using a standardized photoperiod regime in the form of continuous artificial-light (LL) applied from winter to summer solstice during the second year at sea. The experimental stocks were raised under an ambient thermal regime that was similar across all trials. Technical performances (spectral output, light-attenuation and irradiance distance) of the individual light-units were measured and light perception was assessed by quantifying plasma melatonin levels. Body-size parameters (BW, FL, K) were measured at the switch-on and turn-off of the photoperiod regimes. Maturation rates were estimated at the end of the light treatments and at harvest. The B-unit provided the shortest effective irradiance distance (distance from the light-bulb to the minimum irradiance suppressing plasma melatonin to basal day-time level=0.016 W m-2) but the longest relative to its energy consumption; while the G- and R-units did not offer a comparative advantage over the C-unit in that regard (B > C > G > R). Nocturnal plasma melatonin and maturation rate decreased proportionally to the light-intensity provided using a range of technologies emitting distinct spectral profiles. Light-intensity rather than light-spectral composition appeared to be the prime parameter negatively affecting sexual maturation. Maximal suppression of maturation was observed in treatments depressing nocturnal plasma melatonin to a 1.2-fold but not to a 1.7-fold increase compared to day-time levels, confirming that a threshold level of light-irradiance is necessary to obtain the desired effect. Results suggest that this can be achieved under standard commercial practices by applying, over the photoperiod regime presently used, continuous artificial-illumination with an (electrical) energy consumption of 0.28 Wh m-3 generating a mean-irradiance of 0.012 W m-2 and providing a minimum volume of effective irradiance equivalent to 12% of the rearing-environment. Such a low volume of biologically effective irradiance was likely sufficient due to the strong photic attraction already reported in Atlantic salmon. Maximal suppression of pre-harvest sexual maturation can be achieved in the Atlantic salmon on-growing industry using alternative light-technologies. Present data provides methods and threshold values favouring the implementation of photoperiod manipulation to suppress pre-harvest maturation at the most advantageous scale and cost.
机译：这项研究的目的是比较新的候选照明技术的效率（50 W“蓝色”发光二极管（B，λ = 465 nm）; 232 W“绿色”热阴极（G，lambda max = 546 nm）; 400 W'红色'钨-卤素，（R，lambda max = 667-740 nm）） 400 W“白色”金属卤化物用作控制技术（C，广谱），用于抑制1+大西洋鲑鱼（ Salmo salar ）在海笼中的有性成熟。使用标准的光周期方案，在海上进行第二年的冬至夏至期间应用了连续的人造光（LL）形式，在三项试验中以商业规模对总共七个实验装置进行了测试。在所有试验中都在相似的环境热条件下饲养实验种群。测量各个光单元的技术性能（光谱输出，光衰减和辐照距离），并通过量化血浆褪黑激素水平来评估光感知。人体大小参数（BW，FL， K ）在光周期状态的开启和关闭时进行测量。在光处理结束时和收获时估计成熟率。 B单位提供的最短有效辐照距离（从灯泡到抑制日光褪黑素的最低辐照度的距离到基本日间水平= 0.16 W m -2 ）但相对于其最长能源消耗;而在这方面，G和R单位没有比C单位具有相对优势（B> C> G> R）。夜间血浆褪黑激素和成熟速率与使用一系列发射不同光谱轮廓的技术所提供的光强度成比例地降低。光强度而不是光谱组成似乎是负面影响性成熟的主要参数。与白天水平相比，在夜间血浆褪黑激素降低至1.2倍但不降低至1.7倍的治疗中，观察到最大程度的成熟抑制，这证明了达到所需效果所需的光辐射阈值水平。结果表明，可以在标准的商业惯例下，通过在当前使用的光周期范围内应用连续的人工照明（电耗能为0.28 Wh m -3 ）并产生平均辐照度来实现这一目标。 0.012 W m -2 的光，提供的最小有效辐照量等于饲养环境的12％。如此低的生物有效辐照量可能已经足够，这是由于大西洋鲑鱼中已经报道了强烈的光吸引作用。使用替代性照明技术，可以在大西洋鲑鱼养殖业中最大程度地抑制收获前的性成熟。当前数据提供了有利于实施光周期处理以最有利的规模和成本抑制收获前成熟的方法和阈值。

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