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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Seascapes are not landscapes: an analysis performed using Bernhard Riemann's rules
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Seascapes are not landscapes: an analysis performed using Bernhard Riemann's rules

机译：海景不是风景：使用Bernhard Riemann规则进行的分析

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Applied seascape ecology rests on paradigms of terrestrial landscape ecology. Patches defined by persistent seabed features are the basic units of analysis. Persistent oceanographic features provide context while dynamic features are usually ignored. Should seascape ecology rest on terrestrial paradigms? I use Reimann's rules of analysis to identify differences between seascapes and landscapes. Reimann's method uses hypotheses about system function to guide the development of models of system components based upon fundamental "laws". The method forced me to avoid using terrestrial analogies in understanding of organism-habitat relationships. The fundamental laws applying to all organisms were the conservative metabolic requirements underlying individual performance and population growth. Physical properties of the environment; specifically those dictating strategies available to organisms meeting metabolic requirements, were the "laws" applying to the external environment. Organisms living in the ocean's liquid meet most metabolic requirements using strong habitat selection for properties of the liquid that are controlled by "fast", often episodic, atmospheric and tidal forces. Seascapes are there for primarily driven by dynamic hydrography including mixing processes. In contrast, most terrestrial organisms are decoupled by gravity and physiological regulation from an atmospheric fluid that is metabolically more challenging. They show strong habitat selection for many essential metabolic materials concentrated on the land surface where slower biogeochemical processes including soil development drive ecological dynamics. Living in a liquid is different from living in a gas and resource use management in the oceans needs to be tuned to seascapes dynamics that is driven primarily by hydrodynamics and secondarily by seabed processes. Advances in ocean observing and data assimilative circulation models now permit the rapid development of applied seascape ecology. This development is essential now that changes in global climate are being rapidly translated into changes in the dynamics of the ocean hydrosphere that structures and controls ecological dynamics within seascapes.
机译：应用的海景生态学以陆地景观生态学为基础。由持久性海底特征定义的斑块是分析的基本单位。持久的海洋学特征提供了背景，而动态特征通常被忽略。海景生态应该基于陆地范式吗？我使用赖曼（Reimann）的分析规则来识别海景和风景之间的差异。 Reimann的方法使用有关系统功能的假设来指导基于基本“定律”的系统组件模型的开发。该方法迫使我避免在理解生物体与栖息地之间的关系时使用地面类比法。适用于所有生物的基本定律是个体行为和种群增长的保守代谢要求。环境的物理性质；具体来说，那些满足代谢要求的生物可利用的决定性策略是适用于外部环境的“法律”。生活在海洋液体中的生物通过强大的栖息地选择来满足大多数新陈代谢的要求，以选择受“快速”，通常是情景，大气和潮汐力控制的液体特性。那里的海景主要是由包括混合过程在内的动态水文学驱动的。相反，大多数陆地生物由于重力和生理调节而与新陈代谢更具挑战性的大气流体分离。它们显示出集中在陆地表面上的许多基本代谢物质的强大生境选择，在这些缓慢的生物地球化学过程（包括土壤发育）驱动着生态动力学。液体生活与气体生活不同，海洋中的资源使用管理需要调整为主要由水动力和海底过程驱动的海景动态。海洋观测和数据同化环流模型的发展现在允许应用海景生态学快速发展。由于全球气候的变化正在迅速转化为构成和控制海景内生态动态的海洋水圈动态变化，因此这一发展至关重要。

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