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Changing attitudes 1970-2012: evolution of the Norwegian management framework to prevent overflshing and to secure long-term sustainability

机译:1970-2012年态度的变化:挪威管理框架的演变,以防止过度捕捞并确保长期可持续性

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摘要

Fisheries have been important for livelihood in Norwegian coastal communities for centuries. The development of new fishing technology and increasing fishing capacity posed challenges for the sustainability of the fisheries. The Norwegian spring spawning herring was depleted in the1960s-with dire consequences. This event, and the subsequent efforts to rebuild the stock, was paramount to the gradual development of a coherent Norwegian policy to prevent overfishing and secure long-term sustainability. Nevertheless, overfishing continued during the ensuing transitional decades when a range of new management tools were developed and made effective. Internationally, the extension of the economic zones to 200 nautical miles, and agreement on sharing and management of joint stocks were important elements. At the national level, the development of measures to curb overcapacity, improvement of exploitation patterns through technical regulations, ban on discard and the evolution of procedures for rational decision-making for setting total allowable catches (TACs) on the basis of harvest control rules, were all decisive elements. Another crucial factor was the creation of a whole new profession of fishery inspection. We describe a system of close collaboration between specialists-scientists, fishery managers, and stakeholders-each with a distinct role in building a solid framework to prevent overfishing and secure long-term sustainability.
机译:几个世纪以来,渔业对于挪威沿海社区的生计都很重要。新捕捞技术的发展和捕捞能力的提高对渔业的可持续性提出了挑战。挪威春季产卵鲱鱼在1960年代枯竭,后果不堪设想。这次活动以及随后的种群重建工作,对于逐步制定一项旨在防止过度捕捞和确保长期可持续性的挪威连贯政策至关重要。然而,在随后的过渡几十年中,随着一系列新管理工具的开发和生效,过度捕捞仍在继续。在国际上,将经济区扩大到200海里,就共享和管理联合储存达成协议是重要的内容。在国家一级,制定措施来遏制产能过剩,通过技术法规改善开采方式,禁止丢弃物,并发展根据收获控制规则确定总允许捕捞量的合理决策程序,都是决定性因素。另一个关键因素是创建了一个全新的渔业检验专业。我们描述了专家,科学家,渔业经理和利益相关者之间的紧密协作系统,每个系统在建立牢固的框架以防止过度捕捞和确保长期可持续性方面都发挥着独特作用。

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