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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Implementing a science-based system for preventing overfishing and guiding sustainable fisheries in the United States
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Implementing a science-based system for preventing overfishing and guiding sustainable fisheries in the United States

机译：在美国实施基于科学的系统以防止过度捕捞并指导可持续渔业

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Fisheries management in the United States is primarily governed by the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, first enacted in 1976. Overarching principles are that fishing mortality rates should not jeopardize the capacity of a stock to produce maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and that overfished stocks (i.e. biomass is too low) should be rebuilt to the level that will support MSY. The science-based system for achieving sustainable fisheries is implemented, in part, through setting annual catch limits (ACLs) that cannot exceed the acceptable biological catch that is recommended by Scientific and Statistical Committees using methods that account for scientific uncertainty. Accountability measures (AMs) are management measures to prevent ACLs from being exceeded or correct any overages that occur. Implementation in 2012 of ACLs and AMs in all Federal fisheries was a historical achievement in the United States; one that will help rebuild stocks and ensure sustainable fisheries into the future. Some remaining challenges include: determining appropriate catch levels and management approaches for stocks with incomplete data; assessing more stocks, more frequently; addressing differences between managing stocks as a complex vs. managing individual stocks in a multistock fishery; and incorporating social and economic factors in determining the appropriate response to uncertainty.
机译：美国的渔业管理主要受1976年首次颁布的《马格努森-史蒂文斯渔业养护和管理法》管辖。首要原则是，捕捞死亡率不应该损害种群产生最大可持续产量（MSY）的能力，并且过度捕捞的种群（即生物量太低）应重建到支持MSY的水平。通过建立基于科学的系统来实现可持续渔业，部分是通过设置年度捕捞限度（ACL）来实现的，该年度捕捞限度不得超过科学和统计委员会建议的可接受的生物捕捞量，使用的方法应考虑到科学的不确定性。问责措施（AM）是用于防止ACL超出或更正发生的任何超量的管理措施。 2012年，在所有联邦渔业中实施ACL和AMs是美国的历史性成就；这将有助于重建种群并确保未来的可持续渔业。尚存的一些挑战包括：为数据不完整的种群确定适当的捕获水平和管理方法；评估更多库存，更频繁；解决在多种群渔业中综合管理种群与管理单个种群之间的差异；并结合社会和经济因素来确定对不确定性的适当应对措施。

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