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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Towards a comprehensive strategy to recover river herring on the Atlantic seaboard: lessons from Pacific salmon
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Towards a comprehensive strategy to recover river herring on the Atlantic seaboard: lessons from Pacific salmon

机译：制定一项全面战略以恢复大西洋沿岸的鲱鱼：太平洋鲑鱼的教训

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摘要

River herring (alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus, and blueback herring, Alosa aestivalis) are anadromous alosines that play important ecological roles and comprised major US fisheries in the past. Stocks are at historically low levels Atlantic coast-wide and river herring are being considered for listing as threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. A comprehensive, linked freshwater and marine approach to restoring these important species is proposed, informed by a "life cycle" strategy for the recovery of an Endangered Pacific salmon species. The California coho salmon strategy entails identifying core populations stratified by biological units, assessing threats and developing site-specific and range-wide recovery actions to restore habitat and abate threats to all life stages. Protecting and strengthening core populations, combined with marine strategies, is likely key to the recovery of the species at scale. A case study is presented from the Taunton River, a ～ 1300-km~2 watershed in Massachusetts (USA) that hosts one of the largest river herring runs in New England. This watershed and its river herring populations possess multiple characteristics that indicate resilience and thus it could be an example of a river herring core habitat, critical for the recovery of the species at scale. A watershed-wide protection and restoration initiative is underway. Site-based strategies including dam removal, low impact development retrofits, and land protection are linked to policy efforts such as establishing streamflow standards and easing permitting of restoration projects to protect and improve connectivity, flow, and water quality. These watershed-based strategies are linked to regional scale research and fisheries management to set sustainable directed harvest targets and reduce the bycatch of river herring in ocean fisheries. Core habitats for river herring need to be identified range-wide and investments in those places prioritized to secure resilient source populations.
机译：河鲱鱼（alewife，Alosa pseudoharengus和blueback鲱鱼，Alosa aestivalis）是有害的芦荟素，在过去起着重要的生态作用，并构成了美国的主要渔业。大西洋沿岸的种群处于历史低位，根据《濒危物种法》，河鲱被考虑列入濒危物种。在恢复濒临灭绝的太平洋鲑鱼物种的“生命周期”战略的指导下，提出了一种综合，联系的淡水和海洋方法来恢复这些重要物种。加利福尼亚银大麻哈鱼战略需要确定按生物单位分层的核心种群，评估威胁并制定针对特定地点和范围的恢复行动，以恢复栖息地并减轻对所有生命阶段的威胁。保护和加强核心种群，结合海洋战略，可能是大规模恢复该物种的关键。提出了一个以汤顿河为例的研究，汤顿河是美国马萨诸塞州的一个1300公里〜2分水岭，这里是新英格兰最大的鲱鱼河之一。该流域及其河流鲱鱼种群具有多种特征，表明其具有复原力，因此它可能是河流鲱鱼核心栖息地的一个实例，对大规模恢复该物种至关重要。目前正在进行一项流域范围的保护和恢复倡议。包括大坝拆除，低影响开发改造和土地保护在内的基于站点的策略与诸如制定流量标准和放松许可恢复项目的政策努力相关，以保护和改善连通性，流量和水质。这些基于分水岭的战略与区域规模研究和渔业管理相联系，以设定可持续的直接收获目标，并减少海洋渔业中河鲱的副渔获物。需要在整个范围内确定鲱鱼的核心栖息地，并优先考虑在那些地方进行投资，以确保有弹性的来源种群。

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