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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Biomass consumption by breeding seabirds in the western Indian Ocean: indirect interactions with fisheries and implications for management
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Biomass consumption by breeding seabirds in the western Indian Ocean: indirect interactions with fisheries and implications for management

机译：在西印度洋繁殖海鸟而产生的生物量消费：与渔业的间接相互作用及其对管理的影响

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摘要

Fisheries potentially affect seabirds both directly and indirectly. Well-documented direct effects have resulted in significant losses to seabird populations, but indirect effects are less well known. One way in which tropical seabirds may be indirectly affected is through overexploitation of large subsurface predators. Tropical seabirds must forage over wide areas to attain sufficient prey and have evolved various methods of increasing foraging efficiency. One strategy is their association with surface-feeding tunas. When feeding, these predators drive prey to the surface, making them available to seabirds feeding from above. Losses in predator biomass will reduce prey accessibility (but not necessarily prey abundance) for seabirds, contributing to declines in bird populations. To explore indirect fisheries effects, we compared estimates of the magnitude and spatial distributions of consumption by breeding seabirds with fisheries offtake in the western Indian Ocean (WIO). Data from the literature were compared with Indian Ocean Tuna Commission longline and purse seine landings of selected tuna and billfish species from between 2000 and 2009. Breeding seabird populations (adults and immature birds) were estimated at ～19 million individuals, assuming 50% breeding success. Based on the literature, these birds will consume between 150 000 and 500 000 metric tonnes (t) of prey; values that are of the same magnitude as mean annual longline (904 ± 6321) and purse seine (349 861 ± 61 8201) landings for the region. Spatial overlap between fisheries and seabirds is high, especially around the Seychelles, suggesting that the indirect impacts of fisheries on seabird populations may be great. Sooty Tern (Onychoprion fuscatus) is by far the dominant seabird in the study area, accounting for over 80% of numbers and consumption estimates. Our results highlight the importance of seabirds within WIO marine trophic webs and emphasize the potential indirect effects of industrial tuna fisheries on their populations.
机译：渔业潜在地直接或间接地影响海鸟。有据可查的直接影响已给海鸟种群造成重大损失，但间接影响鲜为人知。间接影响热带海鸟的一种方法是对大型地下捕食者的过度开发。热带海鸟必须在广阔的区域内觅食才能获得足够的猎物，并且已经开发出各种提高觅食效率的方法。一种策略是将它们与地面饲喂金枪鱼联系起来。捕食时，这些捕食者会将猎物带到水面，使从上方捕食的海鸟都可以使用它们。捕食者生物量的减少将减少海鸟的猎物可及性（但不一定是猎物的丰度），导致鸟类数量下降。为了探索间接的渔业影响，我们比较了在印度洋西部（WIO）通过捕捞渔业捕捞海鸟繁殖的消费量和空间分布的估计值。将文献中的数据与印度洋金枪鱼委员会延绳钓和选定金枪鱼和比目鱼物种在2000年至2009年期间的围网围网作了比较。假定繁殖成功率为50％，估计繁殖的海鸟种群（成年和未成年鸟类）约1900万。 。根据文献，这些鸟类将消耗15万至50万公吨的猎物；值与该地区的年平均延绳钓（904±6321）和围网围网（349 861±61 8201）登陆幅度相同。渔业和海鸟之间的空间重叠很大，尤其是在塞舌尔群岛附近，这表明渔业对海鸟种群的间接影响可能很大。煤烟燕鸥（Onychoprion fuscatus）是研究区域中占主导地位的海鸟，占数量和消费量估计的80％以上。我们的结果突出了WIO海洋营养网中海鸟的重要性，并强调了工业金枪鱼渔业对其种群的潜在间接影响。

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  • 来源
    《ICES Journal of Marine Science》 |2014年第9期|2589-2598|共10页
  • 作者

    D. K. Danckwerts; C. D. McQuaid; A. Jaeger; G. K. McGregor; R. Dwight; M. Le Corre; S. Jaquemet;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;

    Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;

    Laboratoire ECOMAR (FR3560 UR/CNRS-INEE), Universite de La Reunion, 15 Avenue Rene Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 St Denis Cedex 9, Ile de La Reunion, France;

    Department of Geography, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;

    Department of Geography, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;

    Laboratoire ECOMAR (FR3560 UR/CNRS-INEE), Universite de La Reunion, 15 Avenue Rene Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 St Denis Cedex 9, Ile de La Reunion, France;

    Laboratoire ECOMAR (FR3560 UR/CNRS-INEE), Universite de La Reunion, 15 Avenue Rene Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 St Denis Cedex 9, Ile de La Reunion, France,UMR EME 212 (IRD/IFREMER/UM2), Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    longline; prey accessibility; purse-seine; sooty tern; subsurface predators; tropical seabird; tuna;

    机译：延绳钓;猎物的可及性;围网烟熏燕鸥地下掠食者热带海鸟金枪鱼;

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