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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Regulating a complex adaptive system via its wasp-waist: grappling with ecosystem-based management of the New England herring fishery
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Regulating a complex adaptive system via its wasp-waist: grappling with ecosystem-based management of the New England herring fishery

机译：通过黄蜂腰调节复杂的自适应系统：应对新英格兰鲱鱼渔业基于生态系统的管理

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摘要

We use the New England herring fishery as an example of the unresolved scientific issues pertinent to ecosystem-based management of forage-fish fisheries. The biomass of herring off New England is currently well above maximum sustainable yield (B_(MSY)), leading to pressure for expanded harvests. Associated concerns include: the maintenance of sufficiently abundant forage to meet the current needs of marine mammals and seabirds while supporting the rebuilding of overfished groundfish resources; the preservation of the service functions of a healthy population of pelagic zooplanktivorous fish to prevent possible outbreaks of pests, or hypoxia events; and the limitation of unintended bycatch of marine mammals, seabirds, and juvenile stages of groundfish. Perhaps a self-enhancing feedback loop, involving predation by herring on the early life stages of their groundfish predators, might result in regime shifts that could not be easily reversed. A plausible outcome of these ideas is a dichotomy in management choice between (ⅰ) promoting an ecosystem dominated by valuable groundfish resources and (ⅱ) promoting the current ecosystem that features a large herring resource associated with abundant and energy-rich forage for marine mammals, seabirds, and continued high productivity of valuable shellfish resources.
机译：我们以新英格兰鲱鱼渔业为例，说明与以生态系统为基础的饲用鱼渔业管理有关的未解决科学问题。目前，新英格兰地区鲱鱼的生物量远高于最大可持续产量（B_（MSY）），这给扩大收成带来了压力。相关的关切包括：维持足够的草料以满足当前海洋哺乳动物和海鸟的需求，同时支持过度捕捞的底层鱼类资源的重建；保持健康的远洋浮游鱼类种群的服务功能，以防止可能发生的有害生物爆发或缺氧事件；以及海洋哺乳动物，海鸟和幼鱼幼鱼意外捕捞的局限性。一个自我增强的反馈回路，包括通过鲱鱼捕捞底层鱼类捕食者的早期生命来进行捕食，可能会导致政权转移，而这种转移很难轻易逆转。这些想法的合理结果是在管理选择上存在二分法：（ⅰ）促进以宝贵的底栖鱼类资源为主导的生态系统，以及（ⅱ）促进当前的生态系统，该生态系统具有大量鲱鱼资源，并为海洋哺乳动物提供丰富且能量丰富的饲料，以及珍贵贝类资源的持续高生产力。

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