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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Identifying global synchronies in marine zooplankton populations: issues and opportunities
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Identifying global synchronies in marine zooplankton populations: issues and opportunities

机译：识别海洋浮游动物种群的全球共生：问题和机遇

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Analyses of the influences of climate variability on local zooplankton populations and those within ocean basins are relatively recent (past 5―10 years). What is lacking are comparisons of zooplankton population variability among the world's oceans, in contrast to such global comparisons of fish populations. This article examines the key questions, capabilities, and impediments for global comparisons of zooplankton populations using long-term (> 10 year) data sets. The key question is whether global synchronies in zooplankton populations exist. If yes, then (ⅰ) to what extent are they driven by "bottom-up" (productivity) or "top-down" (predation) forcing; (ⅱ) are they initiated by persistent forcing or by episodic events whose effects propagate through the system with different time-lags; and (ⅲ) what proportion of the biological variance is caused directly by physical forcing and what proportion might be caused by non-linear instabilities in the biological dynamics (e.g. through trophodynamic links)? The capabilities are improving quickly that will enable global comparisons of zooplankton populations. Several long-term sampling programmes and data sets exist in many ocean basins, and the data are becoming more available. In addition, there has been a major philosophical change recently that now recognizes the value of continuing long-term zooplankton observation programmes. Understanding of life-history characteristics and the ecosystem roles of zooplankton are also improving. A first and critical step in exploring possible synchrony among zooplankton from geographically diverse regions is to recognize the limitations of the various data sets. There exist several impediments that must be surmounted before global comparisons of zooplankton populations can be realized. Methodological issues concerned with the diverse spatial and temporal scales of "monitored" planktonic populations are one example. Other problems include data access issues, structural constraints regarding funding of international comparisons, and lack of understanding by decision-makers of the value of zooplankton as indicators of ecosystem change. We provide recommendations for alleviating some of these impediments, and suggest a need for an easily understood example of global synchrony in zooplankton populations and the relation of those signals to large-scale climate drivers.
机译：气候变化对当地浮游动物种群和海盆内浮游动物种群影响的分析是相对较新的（过去5到10年）。缺乏对全球海洋中浮游动物种群变异性的比较，而与对鱼类种群的这种全球比较形成了对比。本文研究了使用长期（> 10年）数据集进行全球浮游动物种群比较的关键问题，能力和障碍。关键问题是浮游动物种群中是否存在全球共生。如果是，则（ⅰ）在多大程度上受“自下而上”（生产力）或“自上而下”（掠夺）强迫的驱动； （ⅱ）它们是由持续强迫还是由事件发生的，这些事件的影响以不同的时滞在系统中传播； （ⅲ）哪些生物学差异是由物理强迫直接引起的，什么比例可能是由生物动力学中的非线性不稳定性引起的（例如，通过对光动力学联系）？这些能力正在迅速改善，这​​将使全球对浮游动物种群进行比较。在许多海盆中存在一些长期采样程序和数据集，并且数据变得越来越可用。此外，最近发生了重大的哲学变化，现已认识到继续进行长期浮游动物观测计划的价值。人们对生活史特征和浮游生物在生态系统中的作用的了解也在不断提高。探索来自不同地理区域的浮游动物之间可能同步的第一步，也是至关重要的一步，是认识到各种数据集的局限性。在实现浮游动物种群的全球比较之前，必须克服一些障碍。与“受监测”的浮游种群的不同时空尺度有关的方法学问题就是一个例子。其他问题包括数据访问问题，国际比较资金的结构限制以及决策者对浮游动物作为生态系统变化指标的价值缺乏了解。我们提供减轻某些障碍的建议，并建议需要一个易于理解的浮游动物种群全球同步实例，以及这些信号与大规模气候驱动因素之间的关系。

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