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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Laboratory evidence for behavioural impairment of fish escaping trawls: a review
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Laboratory evidence for behavioural impairment of fish escaping trawls: a review

机译：鱼类逃生拖网行为受损的实验室证据：综述

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摘要

It is now widely accepted that for some species a proportion of the undersized fish escaping trawl codends die as a direct result of stress, with 10% to 30% mortality commonly cited. It has also been suggested that there may be indirect or behaviourally mediated mortality; fish that encounter and escape the trawl, only to experience stress-induced behavioural deficits and succumb to predators in the hours or days afterwards. The goal of this review was to evaluate the plausibility of this behaviourally mediated, yet unobserved mortality. Three laboratory studies utilizing cod (Gadus morhua), walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogram-ma), and sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) have assayed for behavioural impairment in fish following application of stressors designed to simulate entrainment and escape from trawls. Where impairments in anti-predator capabilities occurred, it was determined that trawl-stressed fish exhibited reduced swimming speed, reduced shoal cohesion, and reduced predator vigilance compared to control fish. Although stressed fish appeared to rapidly recover their ability to avoid being eaten by predators, measurements of more subtle aspects of escapee behaviour suggest that impairments may persist for days after stressor application. Although these studies demonstrate that more investigation is required, when combined with a more extensive literature demonstrating that a variety of stressors can impair fish anti-predator behaviour, it is reasonable to conclude that many fish species escaping trawl codends will likely suffer behavioural deficits that subject them to elevated predation risk. As such, there is probably mortality associated with trawl fisheries that is generally unrecognized, unmeasured, and unaccounted for in current stock assessment models. Further, these studies demonstrate that behavioural competency needs to be considered in the design and implementation of by-catch reduction devises and strategies.
机译：现在已被普遍接受，对于某些物种，逃避拖网的拖网鱼code有一部分是由于压力的直接原因而死亡，通常会提到10％至30％的死亡率。也有人建议可能存在间接或行为介导的死亡率。遇到并逃脱拖网的鱼类，仅在数小时或数日后经历压力导致的行为缺陷并屈服于捕食者。这篇综述的目的是评估这种行为介导的，但未观察到的死亡率的合理性。利用鳕鱼（Gadus morhua），角膜白鳕（Theragra chalcogram-ma）和黑鱼（Anoplopoma fimbria）进行的三项实验室研究，通过模拟应激的夹带物和拖网逃逸，对鱼的行为障碍进行了测定。与对照鱼相比，在发生抗捕食者能力受损的地方，可以确定拖网应激鱼表现出降低的游泳速度，降低的浅滩凝聚力和降低​​的捕食者警惕性。尽管紧张的鱼似乎迅速恢复了避免被捕食者吃掉的能力，但对逃逸者行为的更微妙方面的测量表明，在施加压力后几天，损伤可能会持续存在。尽管这些研究表明需要进行更多的研究，但结合更广泛的文献证明各种压力因素可能损害鱼类的抗捕食者行为，可以合理地得出结论，许多逃脱拖网鱼类的鱼类可能会遭受行为缺陷。他们面临更高的捕食风险。因此，可能存在与拖网捕捞有关的死亡率，而在目前的种群评估模型中，这种死亡率通常是未被识别，无法衡量和无法解释的。此外，这些研究表明，在减少副渔获物的措施和策略的设计和实施中需要考虑行为能力。

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  • 来源
    《ICES Journal of Marine Science》 |2004年第7期|p.1157-1164|共8页
  • 作者

    Clifford H. Ryer;

  • 作者单位

    Fisheries Behavioral Ecology Program, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Hatfield Marine Science Center, 2030 Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA;

  • 收录信息
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 海洋学;
  • 关键词

    by-catch; predation; stress; trawl;

    机译：兼捕;捕食;压力;拖网;

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