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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Improved techniques for studying the temporal and spatial behavior of fish in a fixed location
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Improved techniques for studying the temporal and spatial behavior of fish in a fixed location

机译：用于研究固定位置鱼的时空行为的改进技术

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There are many situations when it is important to know accurately the behavior of fish as a function of time and space in a fixed, three-dimensional volume. One example is the optimal design of techniques that minimize the mortality of fish approaching hydroelectric dams or the cooling intakes of a power plant. The behavior of fish in other fixed volumes, such as estuaries and open rivers, is also of interest in the case of many migrating fish stocks. Both active (echosounding) and passive systems based on acoustic-emitting tags implanted in fish have been used to collect behavioral data. Active acoustic systems, including those with electronically and mechanically steered beams, only insonify a small part of the total volume of interest at any given time. Tag systems, on the other hand, can be used to monitor the behavior of tagged fish over the entire volume. A number of advances in the implementation, deployment, and analysis of acoustic-tag systems have been made over the past few years. These improvements include techniques for positioning optimally the receiving hydrophones to minimize the location measurement errors, the development of acoustic-signal waveforms that provide both unique target identification and accurate location estimates, and the development of tracking algorithms that associate and track the multiple returns from an individual fish. These various techniques are described. Guidelines are presented for selecting the various parameters for the tag system, including the positions of the hydrophones. Specific examples that compare the predicted and actual performance of the tag systems are described.
机译：在许多情况下，重要的是要准确地了解鱼类在固定的三维体积中随时间和空间变化的行为。一个例子是优化设计的技术，该技术可以使接近水力发电大坝的鱼的死亡率或发电厂的冷却口的死亡率降至最低。在许多其他鱼类种群迁移的情况下，鱼类在其他固定体积（例如河口和开放河流）中的行为也引起人们的兴趣。基于植入鱼中的发声标签的主动（回声）和被动系统都已用于收集行为数据。有源声学系统，包括具有电子和机械转向波束的有源声学系统，在任何给定时间只能使感兴趣的总音量的一小部分发出声音。另一方面，标签系统可用于监视整个体积中带标签的鱼的行为。在过去的几年中，在声学标签系统的实施，部署和分析方面取得了许多进展。这些改进包括用于最佳定位接收水听器以最大程度降低位置测量误差的技术，开发提供唯一目标识别和准确位置估计值的声信号波形，以及开发关联并跟踪来自多个目标的多次返回的跟踪算法。个别鱼。描述了这些各种技术。为选择标签系统的各种参数（包括水听器的位置）提供了指南。描述了比较标签系统的预测性能和实际性能的特定示例。

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