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首页> 外文期刊>ICES Journal of Marine Science >Attracted to the outside: a meso-scale response pattern of lesser black-backed gulls at an offshore wind farm revealed by GPS telemetry
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Attracted to the outside: a meso-scale response pattern of lesser black-backed gulls at an offshore wind farm revealed by GPS telemetry

机译：吸引到外部：GPS遥测技术揭示了海上风电场较小黑背海鸥的中尺度响应模式

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Among seabirds, lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus) are considered to be at high risk of colliding with offshore wind turbines. In this respect, we used GPS tracking data of lesser black-backed gulls caught and tagged in two colonies along the Belgian North Sea coast (Ostend and Zeebrugge) to study spatial patterns in the species' presence and behaviour in and around the Thornton Bank offshore wind farm (OWF). We found a significant decrease in the number of GPS fixes of flying birds from up to a distance of at least 2000 m towards the middle of the wind farm. Non-flying birds showed a similar avoidance of the wind farm interior, yet presence strongly peaked right at the wind farm's edge, demonstrated to represent gulls perching on the outer turbine jacket foundations. The findings of this study reveal a strong within-wind farm variability in bird density, a most crucial parameter in collision risk modelling. The method presented here is straightforward and similar studies conducted at other wind farm sites on a range of large gull species (Larus sp.) would allow to assess the potential and species-specific variation in meso-scale response patterns and to gain insight in the underlying ecological incentives, which in turn would provide widely applicable and much-needed input for (cumulative) collision impact assessments.
机译：在海鸟中，较小的黑背海鸥（Laus fuscus）被认为与海上风力发电机相撞的风险很高。在这方面，我们使用了在比利时北海沿岸两个殖民地（奥斯坦德和泽布吕赫）捕获和标记的较少黑背海鸥的GPS跟踪数据，研究了桑顿银行近海及其周围物种存在和行为的空间格局风电场（OWF）。我们发现飞鸟的GPS定位数量显着减少，从风场中心到至少2000 m的距离。非飞行鸟类对风电场内部也有类似的回避，但是在风电场的边缘强烈地出现了飞鸟，证明它们代表栖息在涡轮机外层基础上的海鸥。这项研究的结果表明，鸟类密度在风场内具有很强的可变性，这是碰撞风险建模中最关键的参数。本文介绍的方法简单明了，并且在其他风电场站点对一系列大型海鸥物种（Larus sp。）进行了类似的研究，这将有助于评估中尺度响应模式中潜在的和特定物种的变化，并从中获得洞察力。潜在的生态激励措施，这反过来将为（累积的）碰撞影响评估提供广泛适用且急需的输入。

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