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Solving the Spectrum Crisis: Intelligent, Reconfigurable Microwave Transmitter Amplifiers for Cognitive Radar

机译：解决频谱危机：用于认知雷达的智能，可重新配置的微波发射机放大器

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In 2009, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) chair, Julius Genachowski, warned of a looming spectrum crisis [1]. Issues such as a 2010 saga involving satellite communications interfering with the global positioning system (GPS)have reminded us that spectrum is becoming an ever-precious commodity. With wireless broadband technologies evolving at a rate that will outgrow the available spectrum, the U.S. government has acted to try to "stop the bleeding." President Barack Obama's National Broadband Plan of 2010 [2] mandates that 500-MHz of spectrum be reallocated for wireless broadband applications. However, the continued surge in wireless spectrum users shows that even this spectrum will be used quickly and that a new paradigm is needed. Many have suggested that dynamic spectrum access (DSA), where spectrum is assigned in real time, will be the sharing protocol of the future, and that future spectrum users will be required to be frequency-flexible and cognitive. Radar systems are spectrum users that, in their present form, will have difficulty operating in this future environment because of their fixed operating frequencies, high power, and tendency to leak power into neighboring bands and interfere with other users. In 2011, National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) Chief of Staff Thomas Power stated, "The community and policy makers must begin to understand the challenges and constraints that currently exist for radar" [3]. The last three years have witnessed an upshot of radar spectrum conferences and meetings, many organized by the NTIA and the Department of Defense's (DoD's) Joint Spectrum Center. Our interest has been stimulated through encountering this issue in military radars, and in participating as speakers and panelist in many of these meetings, including a 2011 NTIA meeting for radar and communications experts to converse about coexistence challenges. However, the DoD, the FCC, and the NTIA still have not developed- any technically sound solutions to achieve spectrum sharing between radar and communications. Wireless broadband expansion is not going away. The cry to radar operators is clear: radar systems must change how they operate.
机译：2009年，美国联邦通讯委员会（FCC）主席Julius Genachowski警告即将发生的频谱危机[1]。诸如2010年有关卫星通信干扰全球定位系统（GPS）的传奇事件已经提醒我们，频谱正在成为一种珍贵的商品。随着无线宽带技术的发展，其速度将超过可用频谱，美国政府已采取行动，试图“止血”。巴拉克·奥巴马（Barack Obama）总统的《 2010年国家宽带计划》 [2]要求重新分配500 MHz频谱以用于无线宽带应用。然而，无线频谱用户的持续增长表明，即使该频谱也将被迅速使用，并且需要一种新的范例。许多人建议，动态频谱访问（DSA）（频谱是实时分配的）将成为未来的共享协议，并且未来的频谱用户将需要具有频率灵活性和认知能力。雷达系统是频谱用户，由于其固定的工作频率，高功率以及将功率泄漏到相邻频带中并干扰其他用户的趋势，以目前的形式，它们将很难在未来的环境中运行。 2011年，美国国家电信和信息管理局（NTIA）参谋长Thomas Power表示：“社区和政策制定者必须开始理解雷达目前面临的挑战和制约因素” [3]。过去三年见证了雷达频谱会议和会议的成功举办，其中许多会议是由NTIA和国防部（DoD's）联合频谱中心组织的。通过在军用雷达中遇到这个问题，并以演讲者和小组成员的身份参加了许多此类会议，包括2011年NTIA雷达和通信专家会议，讨论共存挑战，激发了我们的兴趣。但是，国防部，FCC和NTIA仍未开发出任何技术上合理的解决方案来实现雷达与通信之间的频谱共享。无线宽带扩展不会消失。雷达操作员的呼声很明显：雷达系统必须改变其操作方式。

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