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Corrections for On-Orbit ATMS Lunar Contamination

机译：在轨ATMS月球污染的更正

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The cold calibration count from the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) space view increases when the lunar radiation intrudes its antenna field of view (FOV). This increase is referred to as lunar contamination since the cold count is not matched with the specified brightness temperature of 2.73 K. For ATMS, it is found that the elapse time of lunar intrusion (LI) and the magnitude of the cold count increase are channel dependent. If the lunar-affected calibration counts are rejected in the processing, a data gap can be shown in brightness temperature at all channels. At ATMS channels 1 and 2, which have a large FOV, the LI can result in an increase of 40 counts in cold calibration. At higher frequency channels which have a smaller FOV size, the LI intensity is much stronger and can be as large as a few hundred counts. The LI becomes significant when its radiation appears in the ATMS antenna main beam. In the current ATMS operational calibration algorithm, the cold count anomaly is detected when the intensity of LI exceeds a certain threshold. The lunar radiation can be also corrected in the ATMS calibration. In doing so, a lunar radiation term is derived as a function of antenna gain, the solid angle of the Moon, and the brightness temperature of the Moon disk. This algorithm is applied in an ATMS calibration system developed at NOAA and shows a successful removal of all the lunar contamination on the earth-scene brightness temperature.
机译：当月球辐射侵入其天线视场（FOV）时，先进技术微波探测仪（ATMS）空间视图的冷校准计数会增加。由于冷计数与指定的2.73 K亮度温度不匹配，所以这种增加称为月球污染。对于ATMS，发现月球侵入（LI）的经过时间和冷计数增加的幅度是通道依赖。如果在处理中拒绝了受月球影响的校准计数，则可以在所有通道的亮度温度中显示数据间隙。在具有大FOV的ATMS通道1和2上，LI可以导致冷校准增加40个计数。在具有较小FOV大小的较高频率信道上，LI强度要强得多，并且可以高达数百个计数。当LI的辐射出现在ATMS天线主波束中时，LI变得很重要。在当前的ATMS操作校准算法中，当LI的强度超过某个阈值时，就会检测到冷计数异常。月球辐射也可以在ATMS校准中进行校正。在此过程中，根据天线增益，月球的立体角和月球盘的亮度温度得出月球辐射项。该算法在由NOAA开发的ATMS校准系统中得到了应用，并成功地去除了地面亮度温度上的所有月球污染。

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