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首页> 外文期刊>Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on >Multiple-Layer Adaptation of HUT Snow Emission Model: Comparison With Experimental Data
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Multiple-Layer Adaptation of HUT Snow Emission Model: Comparison With Experimental Data

机译：HUT雪排放模型的多层适应：与实验数据的比较

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摘要

Modeling of snow emission at microwave frequencies is necessary in order to understand the complex relations between the emitted brightness temperature and snowpack characteristics such as density, grain size, moisture content, and vertical structure. Several empirical, semiempirical, and purely theoretical models for the prediction of snow emission properties have been developed in recent years. In this paper, we investigate the capability of one such model to simulate snow emission during the peak snow season—a new multilayer version of the Helsinki University of Technology (HUT) snow model. Developed with a single layer, the original HUT model was easily applied over large geographic areas for the estimation of snow cover characteristics by model inversion. A single homogenous layer, however, may not accurately allow the simulation of vertically structured natural snowpacks. The new modification to the model allows the simulation of emission from a snowpack with several snow or ice layers, with the individual component layers treated as in the original HUT model. The results of modeled snowpack emission, using both the original model and the new multilayer modification, are compared with reference measurements made using ground-based radiometers deployed in Finland and Canada. Detailed in situ measurements of the snowpack are used to set the model inputs. We show that, in most cases, use of the multiple-layer model improves estimates for the higher frequencies tested, with up to 38% improvement in rms error. In some cases, however, the use of the multiple-layer model weakens model performance particularly at lower frequencies.
机译：为了了解所发射的亮度温度与积雪特征（例如密度，粒度，水分含量和垂直结构）之间的复杂关系，有必要对微波频率下的雪发射进行建模。近年来已经开发了几种经验，半经验和纯理论模型来预测积雪排放特性。在本文中，我们研究了一种这样的模型在峰值雪季期间模拟雪排放的能力-赫尔辛基工业大学（HUT）降雪模型的新多层版本。通过单层开发，原始的HUT模型可以轻松地在较大的地理区域应用，以通过模型反演来估算积雪特征。但是，单个同质层可能无法准确地模拟垂直构造的自然雪堆。对模型的新修改允许模拟具有多个雪层或冰层的雪堆中的排放，单个组件层的处理与原始HUT模型中的处理相同。使用原始模型和新的多层修改模型对积雪进行建模的结果与使用在芬兰和加拿大部署的地基辐射计进行的参考测量进行了比较。积雪的详细的原位测量用于设置模型输入。我们表明，在大多数情况下，使用多层模型可以改善对测试的更高频率的估计，并且均方根误差最多可提高38％。但是，在某些情况下，多层模型的使用会削弱模型性能，尤其是在较低频率下。

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