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Reduced-Dose Imageless Needle and Patient Tracking in Interventional CT Procedures

机译：减少剂量的无图像针头和介入CT程序中的患者跟踪

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摘要

This paper describes a new method for imageless needle and patient tracking in interventional CT procedures based on fractional CT scanning. Our method accurately locates a needle with a spherical marker attached to it at a known distance from the tip with respect to the patient in the CT scanner coordinate frame with online sparse scan sampling and without reconstructing the CT image. The key principle of our method is to detect the needle and attached spherical marker in projection (sinogram) space based on the strongly attenuated X-ray signal due to the metallic composition of the needle and the needle's thin cylindrical geometry, and based on the marker's spherical geometry. A transformation from projection space to physical space uniquely determines the location and orientation of the needle and the needle tip position. Our method works directly in projection space and simultaneously performs patient registration and needle localization for every fractional CT scanning acquisition using the same sparse set of views. We performed registration and needle tip localization in five abdomen phantom scans using a rigid needle, and obtained a voxel-size tip localization error. Our experimental results indicate a voxel-sized deviation of the localization from a comparable method in 3-D image space, with the benefit of allowing X-ray dose reduction via fractional scanning at each localization. This benefit enables more frequent tip localizations during needle insertion for a similar total dose, or a reduced total dose for the same frequency of tip localization.
机译：本文介绍了一种基于分数CT扫描的介入CT程序中无图像针头和患者跟踪的新方法。我们的方法可通过在线稀疏扫描采样在不重建CT图像的情况下，在CT扫描仪坐标系中准确地将附有球形标记的针头定位在距尖端相对于患者的已知距离处。我们方法的关键原理是基于针的金属成分和针的细圆柱几何形状，基于强烈衰减的X射线信号，检测投影（正弦图）空间中的针和附着的球形标记，并基于标记的球形几何。从投影空间到物理空间的转换唯一地确定了针的位置和方向以及针尖的位置。我们的方法直接在投影空间中工作，并使用相同的稀疏视图集对每个分数CT扫描采集同时执行患者定位和针头定位。我们使用刚性针头在五次腹部体模扫描中进行套准和针尖定位，并获得体素大小的针尖定位误差。我们的实验结果表明，与3-D图像空间中的可比方法相比，定位的体素大小偏差较大，其优点是可以通过每个定位的分数扫描来减少X射线剂量。该优点使得在插入针头期间对于相似的总剂量可以更频繁地进行针尖定位，或者对于相同的针尖定位频率可以减少总剂量。

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