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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE Transactions on Robotics >Attention and Anticipation in Fast Visual-Inertial Navigation
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Attention and Anticipation in Fast Visual-Inertial Navigation

机译:快速视觉惯性导航中的注意和预期

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We study a visual-inertial navigation (VIN) problem in which a robot needs to estimate its state using an on-board camera and an inertial sensor, without any prior knowledge of the external environment. We consider the case in which the robot can allocate limited resources to VIN, due to tight computational constraints. Therefore, we answer the following question: under limited resources, what are the most relevant visual cues to maximize the performance of VIN? Our approach has four key ingredients. First, it is task-driven, in that the selection of the visual cues is guided by a metric quantifying the VIN performance. Second, it exploits the notion of anticipation, since it uses a simplified model for forward-simulation of robot dynamics, predicting the utility of a set of visual cues over a future time horizon. Third, it is efficient and easy to implement, since it leads to a greedy algorithm for the selection of the most relevant visual cues. Fourth, it provides formal performance guarantees: we leverage submodularity to prove that the greedy selection cannot be far from the optimal (combinatorial) selection. Simulations and real experiments on agile drones show that our approach ensures state-of-the-art VIN performance while maintaining a lean processing time. In the easy scenarios, our approach outperforms appearance-based feature selection in terms of localization errors. In the most challenging scenarios, it enables accurate VIN while appearance-based feature selection fails to track robot's motion during aggressive maneuvers.
机译:我们研究了视觉惯性导航(VIN)问题,其中机器人需要使用车载摄像头和惯性传感器来估计其状态,而无需事先了解外部环境。由于严格的计算约束,我们考虑了机器人可以为VIN分配有限资源的情况。因此,我们回答以下问题:在有限的资源下,使VIN性能最大化的最相关的视觉提示是什么?我们的方法有四个关键要素。首先,它是任务驱动的,视觉提示的选择由量化VIN性能的度量标准来指导。其次,它利用了预期的概念,因为它使用简化的模型对机器人动力学进行正向仿真,从而预测了一组视觉提示在未来时间范围内的实用性。第三,它高效且易于实现,因为它会导致选择最相关视觉提示的贪婪算法。第四,它提供了形式上的性能保证:我们利用次模量来证明贪婪的选择离最优(组合)选择不远。对敏捷无人机的仿真和实际实验表明,我们的方法可确保最先进的VIN性能,同时保持精简的处理时间。在简单的场景中,就定位错误而言,我们的方法优于基于外观的特征选择。在最具挑战性的情况下,它可以提供准确的VIN,而基于外观的功能选择在激进的操纵过程中无法跟踪机器人的运动。

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