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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control >In Vivo Intracardiac Vector Flow Imaging Using Phased Array Transducers for Pediatric Cardiology
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In Vivo Intracardiac Vector Flow Imaging Using Phased Array Transducers for Pediatric Cardiology

机译：使用相控阵换能器进行儿科心脏病的体内心内矢量流成像

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摘要

Two-dimensional blood speckle tracking (ST) has shown promise for measuring complex flow patterns in neonatal hearts using linear arrays and high-frame-rate plane wave imaging. For general pediatric applications, however, the need for phased array probes emerges due to the limited intercostal acoustic window available. In this paper, a clinically approved real-time duplex imaging setup with phased array probes was used to investigate the potential of blood ST for the 2-D vector flow imaging of children with congenital heart disease. To investigate transmit beam pattern and tracking accuracy, straight tubes with parabolic flow were simulated at three depths (4.5, 7, and 9.5 cm). Due to the small aperture available, diffraction effects could be observed when approaching 10 cm, which limited the number of parallel receive beams that could be utilized. Moving to (slightly) diverging beams was shown to solve this issue at the expense of a loss in signal-to-noise ratio. To achieve consistent estimates, a forward-backward tracking scheme was introduced to avoid measurement bias occurring due to tracking kernel averaging artifacts at flow domain boundaries. Promising results were observed for depths <;10 cm in two pediatric patients, where complex cardiac flow patterns could be estimated and visualized. As a loss in penetration compared with color flow imaging is expected, a larger clinical study is needed to establish the clinical feasibility of this approach.
机译：二维血斑跟踪（ST）已显示出使用线性阵列和高帧率平面波成像技术测量新生儿心脏中复杂流型的希望。但是，对于一般的儿科应用，由于可用的肋间声窗有限，因此需要相控阵探头。在本文中，使用临床认可的具有相控阵探针的实时双工成像设置来研究血液ST在先天性心脏病儿童二维矢量流成像中的潜力。为了研究发射波束的方向图和跟踪精度，在三个深度（4.5、7和9.5 cm）模拟了具有抛物线流动的直管。由于可用的小孔径，当接近10厘米时可以观察到衍射效应，这限制了可以利用的平行接收光束的数量。为了解决这个问题，已经表明转向（稍微）发散的光束可以降低信噪比。为了获得一致的估计，引入了一种前向-后向跟踪方案，以避免由于在流域边界处跟踪内核平均伪像而引起的测量偏差。在两名儿科患者中，对于<10 cm的深度观察到了令人鼓舞的结果，在这些患者中，可以估计并显示复杂的心脏血流模式。由于与彩色流成像相比渗透率会降低，因此需要进行更大的临床研究才能确定这种方法的临床可行性。

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