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首页> 外文期刊>IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control >Experimental and theoretical evaluation of microbubble behavior: effect of transmitted phase and bubble size
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Experimental and theoretical evaluation of microbubble behavior: effect of transmitted phase and bubble size

机译：微泡行为的实验和理论评估：透射相和气泡大小的影响

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摘要

Ultrasound contrast agents provide new opportunities to image vascular volume and flow rate directly. To accomplish this goal, new pulse sequences can be developed to detect specifically the presence of a microbubble or group of microbubbles. We consider a new scheme to detect the presence of contrast agents in the body by examining the effect of transmitted phase on the received echoes from single bubbles. In this study, three tools are uniquely combined to aid in the understanding of the effects of transmission parameters and bubble radius on the received echo. These tools allow for optical measurement of radial oscillations of single bubbles during insonation, acoustical study of echoes from single contrast agent bubbles, and the comparison of these experimental observations with theoretical predictions. A modified Herring equation with shell terms is solved for the time-dependent bubble radius and wall velocity, and these outputs are used to formulate the predicted echo from a single encapsulated bubble. The model is validated by direct comparison of the predicted radial oscillations with those measured optically. The transient bubble response is evaluated with a transducer excitation consisting of one-cycle pulses with a center frequency of 2.4-MHz. The experimental and theoretical results are in good agreement and predict that the transmission of two pulses with opposite polarity will yield similar time domain echoes with the first significant portion of the echo generated when the rarefactional half-cycle reaches the bubble.
机译：超声造影剂提供了直接成像血管体积和流速的新机会。为了实现该目标，可以开发新的脉冲序列以专门检测微泡或微泡组的存在。我们考虑了一种新方案，通过检查传输相位对单个气泡接收到的回波的影响来检测体内造影剂的存在。在这项研究中，三个工具被独特地组合在一起，以帮助理解传输参数和气泡半径对接收回波的影响。这些工具可用于在声学过程中光学测量单个气泡的径向振动，声学研究单个造影剂气泡的回声，以及将这些实验观察值与理论预测值进行比较。求解了带有壳项的改进的Herring方程，以求解与时间相关的气泡半径和壁速度，并将这些输出用于公式化来自单个封装气泡的预测回波。通过将预测的径向振动与光学测量的径向振动直接比较来验证该模型。瞬态气泡响应通过换能器激励进行评估，换能器激励由中心频率为2.4MHz的一个周期脉冲组成。实验和理论结果吻合良好，并预测，极性相反的两个脉冲的传输将产生相似的时域回波，其中稀疏半周期到达气泡时会产生回波的第一重要部分。

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