Echo decorrelation from displacement gradients in elasticity and velocity estimation

Cespedes E.I.; de Korte C.L.

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Echo decorrelation from displacement gradients in elasticity and velocity estimation

机译：弹性和速度估计中位移梯度的回波解相关

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Several ultrasonic techniques for the estimation of blood velocity, tissue motion and elasticity are based on the estimation of displacement through echo time-delay analysis. A common assumption is that tissue displacement is constant within a short observation time used for time delay estimation (TDE). The precision of TDE is mainly limited by noise sources corrupting the echo signals. In addition to electronic and quantization noise, a substantial source of TDE error is the decorrelation of echo signals because of displacement gradients within the observation time. The authors present a theoretical model that describes the mean changes of the crosscorrelation function as a function of observation time and displacement gradient. The gradient is assumed to be small and uniform within the observation time; the decorrelation introduced by the lateral and elevational displacement components is assumed to be small compared with the decorrelation caused by the axial component. The decorrelation model predicts that the expected value of the crosscorrelation function is a low-pass filtered version of the autocorrelation function (i.e., the crosscorrelation obtained without gradients). The filter is a function of the axial gradient and the observation time. This theoretical finding is corroborated experimentally. Limitations imposed by decorrelation in displacement estimation and potential uses of decorrelation in medical ultrasound are discussed.

机译：几种超声技术用于估计血流速度，组织运动和弹性，是基于通过回声延时分析估计位移的技术。一个普遍的假设是组织位移在用于时间延迟估计（TDE）的较短观察时间内是恒定的。 TDE的精度主要受到噪声源破坏回波信号的限制。除了电子噪声和量化噪声外，由于观测时间内的位移梯度，回波信号的去相关性是TDE误差的主要来源。作者提出了一个理论模型，该模型描述了互相关函数的平均变化与观察时间和位移梯度的关系。假设梯度在观察时间内很小且均匀；假设与轴向位移引起的去相关相比，由横向和高度位移分量引入的去相关较小。去相关模型预测互相关函数的期望值是自相关函数的低通滤波版本（即，在没有梯度的情况下获得的互相关）。滤波器是轴向梯度和观测时间的函数。这一理论发现在实验上得到了证实。讨论了位移估计中去相关的限制以及医学超声中去相关的潜在用途。

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《IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control》 |1999年第4期|P.791-801|共11页
作者
Cespedes E.I.; de Korte C.L.;
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1. Echo decorrelation from displacement gradients in elasticity andvelocity estimation [J] . Cespedes E.I., de Korte C.L., van der Steen A.F.W. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control . 1999,第4期

机译：弹性和速度估计中位移梯度的回波解相关
2. Decorrelation-based blood flow velocity estimation: effect of spread of flow velocity, linear flow velocity gradients, and parabolic flow [J] . Lupotti F.A., van der Steen A.F.W., Mastik F., IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control . 2002,第6期

机译：基于解相关的血流速度估计：血流速度，线性血流速度梯度和抛物线血流的影响
3. Echo decorrelation from displacement gradients [J] . E. Ignacio Cespedes, Chris L. de Korte, Anton F. W. van der Steen Ultrasonics . 1998,第1a5期

机译：位移梯度的回声解相关
4. Tissue elasticity reconstruction based on three-dimensional displacement data estimated by the weighted phase gradient method [C] . Nitta, N., Shiina, . 1999

机译：基于加权相位梯度法估计的三维位移数据的组织弹性重建
5. Single scan MR velocity quantification in ROI by alternating velocity encoding gradient pulse polarity between phase encoding steps. [D] . Jonathan, Bremer. 2008

机译：通过在相位编码步骤之间交替进行速度编码梯度脉冲极性来实现ROI中的单扫描MR速度量化。
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Echo decorrelation from displacement gradients in elasticity and velocity estimation

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