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首页> 外文期刊>Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets >Pandemic Influenza: Preventing the Emergence of Novel Strains and Countermeasures to Ameliorate its Effects
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Pandemic Influenza: Preventing the Emergence of Novel Strains and Countermeasures to Ameliorate its Effects

机译：大流行性流感：预防新型菌株的出现和减轻其影响的对策

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摘要

Influenza is a seasonal disease that peaks every year in the winter months. Antigenic drift of the viral surface proteins, particularly the hemagglutinin (HA), is responsible for the virus's ability to evading the host's immune system, and for the severity of the disease. Pandemic influenza arises when an influenza virus carrying a novel HA gene enters into the naive human population, resulting in excess morbidity and mortality. Three major influenza pandemics were experienced in the last century and the emergence of a new pandemic strain is considered a matter of time. Our current understanding suggests that pandemic influenza strains arise from influenza viruses circulating in the natural reservoir, although the presence of intermediate hosts is considered essential in this process. Pigs and land-based birds have been shown to play a major role in the ecology of influenza viruses by providing an environment in which influenza viruses can change their phenotype, expand their host range, and eventually transmit to humans. In recent years, a great detail of attention has been placed on understanding the epidemiological and molecular factors that can lead to interspecies transmission of influenza viruses. In this review we will discuss the ecological and molecular aspects that lead to pandemic influenza as well as the intervention strategies at our disposal that can reduce the emergence of pandemic influenza strains and/or minimize their effects.
机译：流行性感冒是一种季节性疾病，每年冬季的几个月都会达到高峰。病毒表面蛋白特别是血凝素（HA）的抗原性漂移是病毒逃避宿主免疫系统的能力以及疾病严重程度的原因。大流行性流感会在携带新的HA基因的流感病毒进入原始人类人群时出现，从而导致发病率和死亡率过高。上个世纪经历了三大流行性流感大流行，新的大流行毒株的出现被认为是时间问题。我们目前的理解表明，大流行性流感毒株是由天然水库中流行的流感病毒引起的，尽管在此过程中中间宿主的存在被认为是必不可少的。通过提供一种环境，猪和陆栖鸟类在流感病毒的生态学中扮演着重要角色，在该环境中，流感病毒可以改变其表型，扩大其宿主范围并最终传播给人类。近年来，人们对注意力的一个重要方面是了解可能导致流感病毒种间传播的流行病学和分子因素。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论导致大流行性流感的生态和分子方面，以及可以减少大流行性流感毒株的出现和/或使其影响最小化的干预策略。

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