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THE LABOUR OF MEDIA USE

机译：媒体使用的劳动

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The 'active audience' has theoretically been conceptualizedfrom two perspectives: in political economy, it is suggested that television audiences work for the networks while watching and that they contribute to the valorization process with their labour. Although contested, it has survived among media scholars, also feeding into the discussion on web surveillance techniques. The other conceptualization comes from reception theory, media ethnography and cultural studies, where the interpretive work by audiences is seen as productive and resulting in identities, taste cultures and social difference. This article relates these perspectives by considering audiences as involved in two production-consumptions circuits: (1) the viewer activities produce social difference (identities and cultural meaning) in a social and cultural economy, which is then (2) made the object of productive consumption as part of the activities of the media industries, the end product being economic profit. This article argues for the relevance of analysing these as separate circuits, with different kinds of labour at their centre, and that recent debates on the active audience often misrecognize the difference.
机译：从理论上说，“活跃的观众”是从两个角度进行概念化的：在政治经济学中，建议电视观众在观看的同时为网络工作，并为他们的辛勤劳动做出贡献。尽管存在争议，但它在媒体学者中幸存下来，也参与了有关Web监视技术的讨论。另一个概念化来自接受理论，媒体人种志和文化研究，其中观众的解释工作被视为富有成果的，并导致身份，品味文化和社会差异。本文通过考虑受众参与两个生产消费循环来关联这些观点：（1）观看者的活动在社会和文化经济中产生了社会差异（身份和文化含义），然后（2）成为生产对象消费是媒体行业活动的一部分，最终产品是经济利润。本文认为将这些作为独立的回路进行分析是有意义的，这些回路以不同类型的工作为中心，而最近关于活跃听众的辩论常常会误解这种差异。

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