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首页> 外文期刊>Information Communication & Society >'Hypernudge': Big Data as a mode of regulation by design
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'Hypernudge': Big Data as a mode of regulation by design

机译：“超级推特”：大数据作为设计监管模式

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This paper draws on regulatory governance scholarship to argue that the analytic phenomenon currently known as 'Big Data' can be understood as a mode of 'design-based' regulation. Although Big Data decision-making technologies can take the form of automated decision-making systems, this paper focuses on algorithmic decision-guidance techniques. By highlighting correlations between data items that would not otherwise be observable, these techniques are being used to shape the informational choice context in which individual decision-making occurs, with the aim of channelling attention and decision-making in directions preferred by the 'choice architect'. By relying upon the use of 'nudge' - a particular form of choice architecture that alters people's behaviour in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives, these techniques constitute a 'soft' form of design-based control. But, unlike the static Nudges popularised by Thaler and Sunstein [(2008). Nudge. London: Penguin Books] such as placing the salad in front of the lasagne to encourage healthy eating, Big Data analytic nudges are extremely powerful and potent due to their networked, continuously updated, dynamic and pervasive nature (hence 'hypernudge'). I adopt a liberal, rights-based critique of these techniques, contrasting liberal theoretical accounts with selective insights from science and technology studies (STS) and surveillance studies on the other. I argue that concerns about the legitimacy of these techniques are not satisfactorily resolved through reliance on individual notice and consent, touching upon the troubling implications for democracy and human flourishing if Big Data analytic techniques driven by commercial self-interest continue their onward march unchecked by effective and legitimate constraints.
机译：本文利用监管治理学者的观点认为，目前被称为“大数据”的分析现象可以理解为“基于设计的”监管模式。尽管大数据决策技术可以采用自动化决策系统的形式，但本文着重于算法决策指导技术。通过突出显示否则无法观察到的数据项之间的相关性，这些技术被用于塑造发生个人决策的信息选择背景，目的是将注意力和决策引导到“选择架构师”所偏爱的方向'。通过依靠“轻推”的使用-一种特定形式的选择架构，该架构以可预测的方式改变人们的行为而不会放弃任何选择或显着改变其经济动机，这些技术构成了基于设计的控制的“软”形式。但是，不同于Thaler和Sunstein [（2008）推广的静态Nudges。轻推。伦敦：企鹅图书]，例如将沙拉放在烤宽面条前，以鼓励健康饮食，大数据分析微调功能强大，功能强大，因为它们具有网络化，不断更新，动态且无处不在的特性（因此称为“超大调”）。我对这些技术采取了基于权利的自由主义批评，将自由主义理论解释与来自科学技术研究（STS）和监督研究的选择性见解进行了对比。我认为，依靠个人通知和同意无法令人满意地解决对这些技术的合法性的担忧，如果由商业自利驱动的大数据分析技术继续前进，而没有受到有效的制衡，那么就会触及民主和人类繁荣的令人担忧的影响。和合理的限制。

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