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Gender inequality in mobile technology access: the role of economic and social development*

机译：移动技术获取中的性别不平等：经济和社会发展的作用*

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摘要

Digital inequality is a burgeoning field of study across disciplines, yet few papers address categorical digital inequality in cross-national samples. Using the only available cross-national data on access to Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) disaggregated by gender from the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), I add to existing literature by examining factors associated with women's unequal access to mobile phones across 51 countries. The largest of such samples, the ITU data demonstrates that the type and levels of gender inequality in mobile phone use are not consistent throughout countries. In fact, the distribution is quite variable, from incorporating a small-sample of nations where women have marginally higher access, to sub-samples close to parity, to a larger sub-sample where women are at a substantial disadvantage. Using Quantile Regression Methods to assess these variations, I test how major gender and international development theories inform inequality patterns. My findings suggest that women's wellbeing, as measured by their access to modern contraception (i.e., reproductive autonomy), overwhelmingly promotes women's relative access to mobile phones, regardless of preexisting levels of access. Other perspectives like the growth imperative and world polity theory show some staggered associations along the distribution that remain substantively inconclusive.
机译：数字不平等是跨学科研究的新兴领域，但很少有论文涉及跨国样本中的分类数字不平等。我使用了国际电信联盟（ITU）按性别分列的关于信息获取和通信技术（ICT）的唯一可用的跨国数据，通过研究与51个国家/地区妇女无法平等使用手机相关的因素，来补充现有文献。国际电联的数据是此类样本中最大的一个，它表明，手机使用中的性别不平等的类型和水平在各个国家之间并不一致。实际上，分布是相当多变的，从纳入一小部分妇女有较高机会的国家到接近平价的子样本，再到妇女处于严重不利地位的大样本。使用分位数回归方法评估这些差异，我测试了主要的性别和国际发展理论如何反映不平等模式。我的发现表明，以妇女获得现代避孕方法（即生殖自主权）为衡量标准，其健康状况在很大程度上促进了妇女相对使用手机的使用，无论其访问水平如何。其他观点，如增长势在必行和世界政体理论，则显示出分布上一些交错的联系，这些联系基本上没有定论。

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