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Civil and criminal penalties for copyright infringement

机译：侵犯版权的民事和刑事处罚

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摘要

Copyright violations are subject to both civil and criminal sanctions, but criminal charges are relatively rare. Using a theoretical model, this study compares the implications of civil and criminal penalty schemes from the viewpoint of social welfare, where civil and criminal schemes are distinguished by whether penalties are paid to the copyright holder or the government. The analysis suggests that when the costs of developing a copyrighted product are low, the socially most desirable scheme is one in which there are no civil penalties and criminal penalties are low. Although very severe criminal penalties may lead to the complete elimination of copyright infringements, they could also result in excessive monopoly profits for the producer of the copyrighted good. A further finding is that the number of copyright infringements is smaller under the criminal than the civil law scheme.
机译：侵犯版权受到民事和刑事制裁，但是刑事指控相对较少。本研究使用一种理论模型，从社会福利的角度比较了民事和刑事处罚计划的含义，在社会福利中，民事和刑事处罚计划是通过对版权持有者还是对政府支付罚款来区分的。分析表明，当开发受版权保护的产品的成本较低时，社会上最可取的方案是不存在民事处罚且刑事处罚较低的方案。尽管非常严厉的刑事处罚可能会导致彻底消除版权侵权，但它们也可能导致受版权保护的商品的生产者获得过多的垄断利润。进一步的发现是，在刑事犯罪中侵犯版权的数量要少于大陆法系。

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