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Institutionalising information asymmetry: governance structures for open innovation

机译：制度化信息不对称：开放式创新的治理结构

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Purpose - This paper aims to explore the ways in which firms utilise hierarchical relationships and the market system to supply and acquire intellectual property (IP) and/or innovation capabilities from sources external to the firm.rnDesign/methodology/approach - The authors conduct a field study to explore emerging governance structures for open innovation, using multiple data sources including documents (e.g. white papers) and interviews published by the firms studied, analysis of the firms' web-based systems (where applicable), secondary content (e.g. news articles) and elite interviews with key personnel. Findings - The analysis of seven exemplars of open innovation reveals that inter-organisational relationships that facilitate open innovation can be categorised based on whether they are mediated or direct, and seek to exchange intellectual property or innovation capability. Using this categorisation, the authors present an analysis that reveals four governance structures along ten dimensions, and discuss the influence of knowledge dispersion, uncertainty and transaction costs on the emergence of such structures. The authors conclude that the appropriateness of hierarchical/market relationships or intermediaries to source IP and/or innovation capability is dependent on the information asymmetry in relation to the existence and availability of potential solutions/solvers; the suitability of potential innovation partners (solution providers and solvers); and the acquisition process for external innovations (including problem specification, solution evaluation, transfer, etc.). Research limitations/implications - The research is exploratory in nature, and designed to serve as a foundation for future research efforts. In particular, the work highlights the need for research that takes an inter-organisational perspective on facilitating open innovation.rnPractical implications - The research highlights the prominence of information asymmetry as a key issue in choosing and designing appropriate governance structures for open innovation. Originality/value - The paper presents an exploratory study of an emerging, and consequently under-researched phenomenon.
机译：目的-本文旨在探讨企业利用等级关系和市场体系从企业外部来源提供和获取知识产权（IP）和/或创新能力的方式。设计/方法/方法-作者进行了以下研究：进行实地研究，探索开放创新的新兴治理结构，使用多种数据源，包括文件（例如白皮书）和研究公司发布的访谈，对公司基于网络的系统的分析（如适用），次要内容（例如新闻文章） ）以及对关键人员的精英访谈。调查结果-对开放式创新的七个范例的分析表明，可以基于促进开放式创新的组织间关系进行归类，无论它们是中介还是直接的，并寻求交换知识产权或创新能力。使用这种分类，作者提出了一个分析，揭示了沿着十个维度的四个治理结构，并讨论了知识分散，不确定性和交易成本对这种结构的出现的影响。作者得出的结论是，层次/市场关系或中介机构对来源IP和/或创新能力的适当性取决于与潜在解决方案/解决方案的存在和可用性有关的信息不对称性；潜在创新合作伙伴（解决方案提供商和解决方案者）的适用性；以及外部创新的获取过程（包括问题说明，解决方案评估，转移等）。研究的局限性/意义-研究本质上是探索性的，旨在为将来的研究工作打下基础。尤其是，该工作强调了需要采取组织间观点进行开放创新的研究。实际意义-该研究强调了信息不对称的突出性，这是选择和设计开放创新的适当治理结构的关键问题。原创性/价值-本文提出了对正在出现的，因此未得到充分研究的现象的探索性研究。

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