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Three Degrees of Internet Regulation

机译：互联网监管的三个层面

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摘要

In the early 1990s, the Internet mor-phed from a research/academic/mil-itary platform to today's foundation for commercial commerce. That was also the time when the first legislative attempts to regulate the Internet were initiated. While some attempts have been successful, most have not. No entity that is as complex and global as the Internet is completely free from regulation. The Internet's software and protocol infrastruc- ture has been largely self-developed and self-regulated through national and international cooperative bodies. Internet content is often regulated through existing laws, including those covering telecommunications, copyright and patent, obscenity, and fraud, among others. The Internet's global nature also often results in clashes between laws in different countries. France, for example, has tried regulating Yahoo! and eBay auctions of Nazi-era artifacts under a French law that conflicts with U.S. free speech law.
机译：在1990年代初期，互联网已从研究/学术/军事平台发展成为如今的商业基础。也是在那时首次立法监管互联网。虽然一些尝试成功了，但大多数都没有成功。没有像互联网这样复杂和全球化的实体可以完全摆脱监管。互联网的软件和协议基础设施在很大程度上是通过国家和国际合作机构自行开发和监管的。 Internet内容通常通过现有法律进行管制，包括有关电信，版权和专利，淫秽和欺诈等法律。互联网的全球性也常常导致不同国家法律之间的冲突。例如，法国曾尝试监管Yahoo!以及根据法国法律与美国的言论自由法相抵触的eBay拍卖纳粹时代的文物。

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