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On the role of visual references in collaborative visualization

机译：视觉参考在协同可视化中的作用

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Multi-Viewer Display Environments (MVDE) provide unique opportunities to present personalized information to several users concurrently in the same physical display space. MVDEs can support correct 3D visualizations to multiple users, present correctly oriented text and symbols to all viewers and allow individually chosen subsets of information in a shared context. MVDEs aim at supporting collaborative visual analysis, and when used to visualize disjoint information in partitioned visualizations they even necessitate collaboration. When solving visual tasks collaboratively in a MVDE, overall performance is affected not only by the inherent effects of the graphical presentation but also by the interaction between the collaborating users. We present results from an empirical study where we compared views with lack of shared visual references in disjoint sets of information to views with mutually shared information. Potential benefits of 2D and 3D visualizations in a collaborative task were investigated and the effects of partitioning visualizations both in terms of task performance, interaction behavior and clutter reduction. In our study of a collaborative task that required only a minimum of information to be shared, we found that partitioned views with a lack of shared visual references were significantly less efficient than integrated views. However, the study showed that subjects were equally capable of solving the task at low error levels in partitioned and integrated views. An explorative analysis revealed that the amount of visual clutter was reduced heavily in partitioned visualization, whereas verbal and deictic communication between subjects increased. It also showed that the type of the visualization (2D/3D) affects interaction behavior strongly. An interesting result is that collaboration on complex geo-time visualizations is actually as efficient in 2D as in 3D.
机译：多查看器显示环境（MVDE）提供了独特的机会，可以在同一物理显示空间中同时向多个用户提供个性化信息。 MVDE可以支持多个用户正确的3D可视化，向所有查看者显示正确定向的文本和符号，并允许在共享上下文中单独选择信息的子集。 MVDE旨在支持协作可视化分析，当用于可视化分区可视化中的不相交信息时，它们甚至需要协作。在MVDE中协作解决视觉任务时，整体性能不仅受图形表示的固有影响，而且还受到协作用户之间的交互作用的影响。我们提供了一项实证研究的结果，在该研究中，我们将不相交的信息集中缺少共享视觉参考的视图与具有共享信息的视图进行了比较。研究了2D和3D可视化在协作任务中的潜在好处，并在任务性能，交互行为和减少混乱方面对可视化进行分区。在我们只需要共享最少信息的协作任务的研究中，我们发现缺少共享视觉参考的分区视图的效率明显低于集成视图。但是，研究表明，在分区视图和集成视图中，主题对象同样能够以低错误级别解决任务。一项探索性分析显示，在分区可视化中，视觉杂波的数量大大减少，而受试者之间的言语和言语交流增加了。它还表明可视化的类型（2D / 3D）强烈影响交互行为。一个有趣的结果是，复杂的地理时间可视化上的协作实际上在2D中与在3D中一样有效。

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